Formaldehyde Emission Reduction in Natural Gas Fired Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (RICE)
Exhaust from an NG fired stationary or non-stationary RICE, such as, for example, a lean burn RICE, is directed to a first oxidation catalyst, then to a second oxidation catalyst. The second oxidation catalyst is operated at a temperature higher than a minimum temperature required to oxidize formaldehyde (to CO 2 and H 2 O) and lower than a minimum temperature required to form formaldehyde, e.g., from CH 4 and O 2 .
1 . A method for reducing HCOH emissions from an NG or methane fired stationary RICE, the method comprising:
directing exhaust from the NG or methane fired stationary RICE to a first oxidation catalyst, then to a second oxidation catalyst,
wherein the second oxidation catalyst is operated at a temperature that is above a minimum temperature required for the oxidation of HCOH, and below a minimum temperature required to form HCOH.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the NG or methane fired stationary RICE is a lean burn engine.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second oxidation catalyst is exposed to exhaust at a temperature within the range of from about 350° F. to about 700° F.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the secondary oxidation catalyst is located in the exhaust pathway, downstream from the first oxidation catalyst.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first oxidation catalyst is operated at a temperature above a minimum temperature required for the oxidation of CO.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first oxidation catalyst is exposed to a temperature within the range of from about 700° F. to about 1200° F.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second oxidation catalysts are the same.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second oxidation catalysts are different.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first, the second or both oxidation catalysts include one or more platinum group metals.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining levels of formaldehyde generated by the RICE at at least one location selected from the group consisting of:
before the first oxidation catalyst, between the first and second oxidation catalysts and after the second oxidation catalyst.
11 . An NG or methane fired stationary RICE system, comprising:
a NG or methane fired stationary RICE;
a first oxidation catalyst disposed in a pathway for exhausting products of combustion from the NG or methane fired stationary RICE; and
a second oxidation catalyst disposed in said pathway, downstream from the first oxidation catalyst.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the NG or methane fired stationary RICE is a lean burn engine.
13 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the second oxidation catalyst is disposed at a location where it can be exposed to a temperature higher than a minimum temperature required for the oxidation of HCOH.
14 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the second oxidation catalyst is disposed at a location where it can be exposed to a temperature lower than a minimum temperature required for the formation of HCOH.
15 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first oxidation catalyst is disposed at a location where it can be exposed to a temperature higher than a minimum temperature required for the oxidation of CO.
16 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first oxidation catalyst is exposed to a temperature within the range of from about 700° F. to about 1200° F.
17 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the second oxidation catalyst is exposed to a temperature within the range of from about 350° F. to about 700° F.
18 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first and the second oxidation catalysts are the same.
19 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first and the second oxidation catalysts are different.
20 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first, the second or both oxidation catalysts include one or more platinum group metals.
21 . A system for reducing HCOH emissions, the system comprising:
an NG or methane fired stationary RICE;
a first oxidation catalyst disposed in a pathway for exhausting products of combustion from the NG or methane fired stationary RICE; and
a second oxidation catalyst disposed in said pathway, downstream from the first oxidation catalyst.
22 . A method for reducing HCOH emissions from an NG or methane fired RICE, the method comprising:
oxidizing CO present in exhaust generated from the RICE; and
oxidizing HCOH present after the oxidation of CO.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein at least a portion of the HCOH is formed by the reaction of CH 4 and O 2 at temperatures at which CO present in the exhaust generated by RICE is oxidized.
24 . The method of claim 22 , wherein step (a) is conducted in the presence of a first oxidation catalyst.
25 . The method of claim 22 , wherein step (b) is conducted in the presence of an oxidation catalyst.
26 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the RICE is a lean burn engine.
27 . The method of claim 22 , further comprising monitoring levels of HCOH.
28 . A method of claim 22 , wherein the RICE is stationary.
29 . A method for reducing HCOH emissions from an NG or methane fired non-stationary RICE, the method comprising:
directing exhaust from the NG or methane fired RICE to a first oxidation catalyst, then to a second oxidation catalyst, the RICE being located in a vehicle, equipment, or vessel,
wherein the second oxidation catalyst is operated at a temperature that is above a minimum temperature required for the oxidation of HCOH, and below a minimum temperature required to form HCOH.
30 . An NG or methane fired non-stationary RICE system, comprising:
an NG or methane fired stationary RICE that is located in a vehicle, equipment, or vessel;
a first oxidation catalyst disposed in a pathway for exhausting products of combustion from the NG or methane fired stationary RICE; and
a second oxidation catalyst disposed in said pathway, downstream from the first oxidation catalyst.