Method and apparatus for controlling downhole rotational rate of a drilling tool
A downhole rotational rate control apparatus is disclosed, adapted for coupling to the lower end of a drill string, and includes a progressive cavity (PC) pump or motor, multiple fluid flow paths, and a flow control valve for controlling fluid flow in the flow paths. Drilling mud flowing downward through the drill string is partially diverted to flow through the PC pump or motor and, in turn, the PC pump or motor speed is controlled by the flow control valve. The control valve can be actuated by a control motor in response to inputs from a sensor assembly in an electronics section. The PC pump or motor drives a controlled downhole device at a specific zero or non-zero rotational rate. By varying the rotational rate of the PC pump or motor relative to the rotational rate of the drill string, the tool face orientation or non-zero rotational speed of the controlled device in either direction can be varied in a controlled manner.
1. A drilling apparatus comprising:
a progressive cavity pump or motor rotationally connectable to a controlled device;
a flow control valve mechanism coupled to the progressive cavity pump or motor;
a first flow path in an annulus between an outer housing of the apparatus and the progressive cavity pump or motor; and
a second flow path in the progressive cavity pump or motor;
wherein the first flow path overlaps the second flow path;
wherein the flow control valve mechanism is configured to receive and control a flow rate of fluid through the second flow path.
2. The drilling apparatus of claim 1 wherein the progressive cavity motor is powered by the controlled fluid flow rate in the second flow path.
3. The drilling apparatus of claim 1 wherein the flow control valve mechanism controls the fluid flow rate pumped by the progressive cavity pump in the second flow path.
4. The drilling apparatus of claim 1 wherein the progressive cavity pump or motor is counter-rotatable.
5. The drilling apparatus of claim 4 wherein the progressive cavity pump or motor comprises a stator and a rotor, and wherein the rotor is counter-rotatable relative to the stator.
6. The drilling apparatus of claim 5 wherein the rotor is counter-rotatable in response to a counter-flow in the second flow path.
7. The drilling apparatus of claim 6 wherein the stator is connected to a drill string and the rotor is connected to the controlled device such that the controlled device is counter-rotatable relative to the drill string.
8. The drilling apparatus of claim 7 wherein the flow control valve mechanism is configured to control the counter-flow such that the controlled device counter-rotates at a desired rate.
9. The drilling apparatus of claim 8 further comprising an electronics module coupled to the flow control valve mechanism, wherein the electronics module is configured to electronically control the flow control valve mechanism.
10. The drilling apparatus of claim 9 wherein the electronics module is configured to adjust the flow control valve mechanism to adjust the desired rate.
11. The drilling apparatus of claim 9 wherein the electronics module is configured to adjust the flow control valve mechanism to counter-rotate the electronics module and the controlled device at a geo-stationary rate.
12. A drilling apparatus comprising:
a housing having a central axis;
a progressive cavity pump or motor disposed in a portion of the housing;
a shaft coupled between the progressive cavity pump or motor and a lower mandrel;
a flow control valve mechanism coupled to the progressive cavity pump or motor;
a first flow path through the housing; and
a bypass counter-flow path in the progressive cavity pump or motor;
wherein the flow control valve mechanism is configured to receive and control a flow rate through the bypass counter-flow path.
13. The drilling apparatus of claim 12 wherein the flow control valve mechanism is configured to control the flow rate in the bypass counter-flow path such that the lower mandrel is counter-rotatable relative to the housing.
14. The drilling apparatus of claim 13 further comprising an electronics module coupled to the flow control valve mechanism, wherein the electronics module is configured to electronically control and adjust the flow control valve mechanism to control and adjust counter-rotation of the lower mandrel relative to the housing.
15. The drilling apparatus of claim 12 wherein the shaft further comprises first flow passages for the first flow path and second flow passages for the bypass counter-flow path.
16. A drilling apparatus comprising:
a housing;
a progressive cavity pump or motor in the housing and rotationally connectable to a controlled device, wherein the progressive cavity pump or motor comprises a stator and a rotor;
a first flow path through the housing;
a second flow path in fluid communication with the first flow path and extending through a passage disposed between the stator and the rotor; and
a flow control valve mechanism coupled to the progressive cavity pump or motor and disposed in the second flow path to receive and control the fluid in the second flow path.
17. The drilling apparatus of claim 16 wherein the first flow path extends through an annulus between the housing and the progressive cavity pump or motor.
18. The drilling apparatus of claim 16 wherein the first flow path extends through a central flow passage of the rotor.
19. The drilling apparatus of claim 16 wherein the second flow path is a counter-flow path relative to the first flow path.