Tin-free catalysts for cross-linked polyethylene pipe and wire
A composition includes an first anhydride-grafted polyethylene; and a cross-linking agent that includes a second anhydride; and a first material including minoxidil, melatonin; pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate); or a (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl derivative, where the composition is a master batch configured to cross-link a silane-grafted polyethylene material; and the composition is tin-free.
1. A composition comprising:
a first anhydride-grafted polyethylene; and
a cross-linking agent comprising:
a first material selected from the group consisting of minoxidil; melatonin; pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate); (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl; and a derivative of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl; and
a second anhydride selected from the group consisting of palmitic anhydride, caprylic anhydride, myristic anhydride, stearic anhydride, arachidic anhydride, capric anhydride, behenic anhydride, an alkyl or alkenyl succinic anhydride, lignoceric anhydride, cerotic anhydride, laurel anhydride, citric anhydride, acetic anhydride, lactic anhydride, and a mixture of any two or more thereof;
wherein:
the composition is a master batch devoid of any silane-grafted polyethylene material;
the composition is tin-free; and
the derivative of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) is selected from 4-acetamido-TEMPO; 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl; 4-amino-TEMPO; 2-azaadamantane-N-oxyl; 4-(2-bromoacetamido)-TEMPO; 4-carboxy-TEMPO; 4-cyano-TEMPO; 4-hydroxy-TEMPO; 4-hydroxy-TEMPO benzoate; 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-TEMPO; 4-isothiocyanato-TEMPO; 4-maleimido-TEMPO; 4-methoxy-TEMPO; 4-oxo-TEMPO; 4-phosphonooxy-TEMPO hydrate; and TEMPO methacrylate.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first anhydride is maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, or a combination thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 further comprising silica or a zeolite.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises minoxidil.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises melatonin.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate).
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises 4-carboxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl.
8. The composition of claim 1 comprising from about 0.01 wt % to about 40 wt % of the first anhydride-grafted polyethylene.
9. The composition of claim 1 comprising from about 0.01 wt % to about 30 wt % of the second anhydride.
10. The composition of claim 1 comprising from about 0.01 wt % to about 30 wt % of the first material.
11. The composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more antioxidants.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the one or more antioxidants comprise Irganox® 1010 or Irgafos® 168.
13. A tin-free cross-linked polyethylene comprising:
a silane-grafted polyethylene; and
the composition of claim 1 .
14. A process comprising:
extruding a first anhydride-grafted polyethylene and a cross-linking agent to form a master batch;
extruding a silane-grafted polyethylene with the master batch to form a cross-linkable blend;
exposing the cross-linkable blend to water to form a cross-linked polyethylene;
wherein the cross-linking agent comprises a second anhydride and a first material selected from the group consisting of minoxidil; melatonin; pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate); (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl; and a derivative of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl, and the cross-linked polyethylene is tin-free; and
the derivative of (2,2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl is selected from 4-acetamido-TEMPO; 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl; 4-amino-TEMPO; 2-azaadamantane-N-oxyl; 4-(2-bromoacetamido)-TEMPO; 4-carboxy-TEMPO; 4-cyano-TEMPO; 4-hydroxy-TEMPO; 4-hydroxy-TEMPO benzoate; 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-TEMPO; 4-isothiocyanato-TEMPO; 4-maleimido-TEMPO; 4-methoxy-TEMPO; 4-oxo-TEMPO; 4-phosphonooxy-TEMPO hydrate; and TEMPO methacrylate.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the master batch comprises from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % first anhydride-grafted polyethylene.
16. The process of claim 14 , wherein the master batch comprises from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % of the second anhydride.
17. The process of claim 14 , wherein the first anhydride-grafted polyethylene is a maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene or a succinic anhydride-grafted polyethylene.