Partially fluorinated polymers
A method of making a partially fluorinated polymer dispersions and resulting aqueous mixtures. The method comprising polymerizing one or more fluorinated monomers in an aqueous emulsion polymerization in the presence of a polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier to form a fluorinated polymer. The polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier has the formula X 2 C═CX(CF 2 )m(CH 2 )n[O—(CX 2 )p]q-[O—(CX 2 ) r ] s —[O—(CX 2 —CX 2 )] t —[(O) w —(CX 2 )u]v-[CH 2 ] z —Y.
1. A method of making a partially fluorinated polymer dispersion comprising:
polymerizing vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene in an aqueous emulsion polymerization in the presence of a polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier to form the partially fluorinated polymer, wherein the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier has the formula:
X 2 C═CX(CF 2 ) m (CH 2 ) n [O—(CX 2 ) p ] q—[O—(CX 2 ) r ] s —[O—(CX 2 —CX 2 )] t —[(O) w —(CX 2 ) u ] v —[CH 2 ] z —Y
where X is independently selected from H, F, or CF 3 ; Y is COOM or SO 3 M where M is H, an alkali metal or NH 4 ; m is 0 to 5, n is 0 to 5, p is at least 1, q is 0 to 5, r is 0 to 5, s is 0 to 5, t is 0 to 5, u is 0 to 5, v is 0 to 5, w is 0 or 1, and z is 0 to 5; wherein at least one of m, n, q, s, t, u, v, and z is at least 1; wherein the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier (a) comprises at least 1 fluorine atom; and (b) is less than 1 wt % based on the total weight of monomers used; and wherein the partially fluorinated polymer comprises less than 30% by weight of vinylidene fluoride, at most 60% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene, and at most 55% by weight of hexafluoropropylene based on the total weight of the partially fluorinated polymers.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier is perfluorinated.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier is substantially free of telogenic activity.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of:
CF 2 ═CF—(CF 2 ) m —O—(CF 2 ) p —[O—(CF 2 ) r ] s —Y (II)
CF 2 ═CF—(CF 2 ) m —O—(CF 2 ) p —[O—(CF(CF 3 )—CF 2 )] t —[O—CF(CF 3 )] v —Y (III); and
CX 2 ═CX—(CF 2 ) m —Y (IV)
where X is independently selected from H, F, or CF 3 ; where Y is COOM or SO 3 M, where m is an integer selected from 0 to 5, p is at least 1, r is an integer selected from 0 to 5, s is an integer selected from 1 to 5, t is an integer selected from 1 to 5, v is an integer selected from 1 to 5, and M is H, an alkali metal, or NH 4 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization is substantially free of a non-telogenic emulsifier.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization is substantially free of a non-telogenic fluorinated emulsifier.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier is added throughout the polymerization.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier is at least 50 ppm and no more than 5,000 ppm based on the amount of perfluorinated monomer used.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier is provided in the form of an aqueous microemulsion.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partially fluorinated polymer dispersion comprises less than 30% polymer solids.
11. An aqueous mixture comprising:
a partially fluorinated polymerization product of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene and a polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier selected from:
X 2 C═CX(CF 2 ) m (CH 2 ) n [O—(CX 2 ) p ] q —[O—(CX 2 ) r ] s —[O—(CX 2 —CX 2 )] t —[(O) w —(CX 2 ) u ] v —[CH 2 ] z —Y
where X is independently selected from H, F, or CF 3 ; Y is COOM or SO 3 M; m is 0 to 5, n is 0 to 5, p is at least 1, q is 0 to 5, r is 0 to 5, s is 0 to 5, t is 0 to 5, u is 0 to 5, v is 0 to 5, w is 0 or 1, and z is 0 to 5; wherein at least one of m, n, q, s, t, u, v, and z is at least 1; and M is H, an alkali metal, or NH 4 ; wherein the resulting polymer comprises less than 30% by weight of vinylidene fluoride, at most 60% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene, and at most 55% by weight of hexafluoropropylene based on the total weight of the partially fluorinated polymer; and wherein the aqueous mixture comprises less than 100 ppm of the polymerizable fluorinated emulisifier.
12. The aqueous mixture of claim 11 wherein the aqueous mixture comprises less than 30% polymer solids.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of X is H.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the partially fluorinated polymer dispersion comprises less than 100 ppm of the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the partially fluorinated polymer dispersion comprises less than 10 ppm of the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the partially fluorinated polymer dispersion comprises less than 1 ppm of the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the partially fluorinated polymer is a fluoroplastic.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partially fluorinated polymer further comprises polymerized monomers selected from: perfluoroalkoxy alkenes, perfluoro alkyl vinyl ethers, perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ethers, ethylene, propylene, and combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable fluorinated emulsifier is selected from: (a) F 2 C═CF—O—(CF 2 ) p —O—CF 2 —COOM where p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; or (b) F 2 C═CFCF 2 —O—(CF 2 ) p —O—CF 2 —(CF 2 ) u ] v —COOM where p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and u is 0 or 1.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partially fluorinated polymer comprises at least 30% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene, at least 5% by weight of hexafluoropropylene, and at least 5% by weight of vinylidene fluoride based on the total weight of the partially fluorinated polymer.