Method of obtaining paraffinic hydrocarbons from natural fat
A method of obtaining paraffinic hydrocarbons from fat, by an exemplary method, whereby the method is performed in two stages, in a coupled flow-type system, under atmospheric pressure conditions, in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, after their thermal activation, so that in Stage I the fat and/or waste fat is heated at a temperature range of 100-500° C., in the presence of an inert gas, in the presence of a catalyst in the form of a metal oxide on an oxide support or in the form of a mixture of at least two metal oxides on an oxide support. The product obtained in Stage I is treated, in the presence of an inert gas, at a temperature range of 100-500° C., in the presence of a metallic catalyst on an oxide support, with hydrogen gas or with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, obtained in the selective decomposition of methanol.
1. A method of obtaining paraffinic hydrocarbons from natural fat, from waste vegetable oils, animal fat or algal oils, in a coupled flow reactor, under atmospheric pressure conditions, in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, in two stages comprising;
in a stage I;
(a) activating at least one catalyst including at least one metal oxide on at least one oxide support by thermal activation at about 450° C. for about 1 hour,
(b) heating fat derived from at least one of vegetable oil, animal fat and algal oil, to a temperature range of 100-500° C., in the presence of an inert gas,
(c) reacting the fat of step (b) by heating in the presence of the activated catalyst of step (a),
(d) whereby a stage I product is produced through step (c),
in a stage II;
(e) reacting the stage I product of step (d) in the presence of an inert gas, at a temperature in a range of 100-500° C., and in the presence of a metallic catalyst on an oxide support, with hydrogen gas or with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide,
(f) whereby through step (e) a stage II product is produced and a paraffin product is obtained,
and further comprising:
(g) prior to step (e), decomposing selectively methanol by subjecting anhydrous methanol to a reduction reaction in a coupled system, under atmospheric pressure conditions, at a temperature in a range of 80-350° C., in the presence of an inert gas, and a heterogeneous catalyst in the form of a metal oxide on an oxide support, to produce the hydrogen gas or mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide reacted in step (e).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst activated in step (a) and used in step (c) of Stage I comprises at least one of CoO, NiO, FeO and MoO, and the oxide support comprises at least one of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO and aluminosilicate halloysite.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst activated in step (a) and used in step (c) of Stage I comprises a mixture of metal oxides, selected from the group comprising: CoO, NiO, FeO and MoO, and the oxide support comprises SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO and aluminosilicate halloysite.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c) the catalyst operates at a load of 0.5-20 hr −1 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (b) the inert gas comprises at least one of argon and nitrogen.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) when hydrogen gas is used, the catalyst comprises at least one of Pd, Ru, Pt, Rh, Co/Mo, Ni/Mo, Mo, W and Fe, and the oxide support comprises at least one of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO and ZrO 2 .
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e), when a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is used, the catalyst comprises at least one of Pd, Ru, Pt, Rh, Co/Mo, Ni/Mo, Mo, W, Fe and Zr, and the oxide support used is SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO and ZrO 2 .
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) the inert gas comprises at least one of argon and nitrogen.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (g) the catalyst used for selective decomposition of methanol comprises at least one of CoO, NiO, CuO, ZnO, FeO and MoO and the oxide support used comprises at least one of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO, and aluminosilicate halloysite.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst used for the selective decomposition of methanol is one of CoO, NiO, CuO, ZnO, FeO, and MoO and the oxide support used is one of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO, and aluminosilicate halloysite.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (g) the inert gas comprises argon.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (g) the decomposition of methanol is performed at a catalyst load of 0.5-20 hr −1 .
13. The method of claim 1 , and further comprises: prior to step (g) activating the heterogeneous catalyst for decomposition of methanol by heating at a temperature of about 450° C. for about 1 hour.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein in step (g) the catalyst is activated by heating in an air stream at a temperature of about 450° C. for about 1 hour.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (a) the catalyst is activated by heating in a stream of air at a temperature of about 450° C. for about 1 hour.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (e) the mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide reduces the reaction catalyst from its original form to a metallic form.