Use of benzo five-membered nitrogen heterocyclic piperazine or piperidine derivatives

1. A method of mediating vasodilation in a subject in need thereof, said method comprising administering to said subject a pharmaceutical composition effective for mediating said vasodilation, said pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein:

R 1 represents an aromatic group or an alicyclic group, each of which is mono- or polysubstituted with R 3 , wherein,

R 3 represents H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , SH, S(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O) 2 H or —S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; when R 3 are groups for polysubstitution, each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , SH, S(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O) 2 H or —S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms;

A, B and X each independently represents CH or N;

R 2 represents H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , SH, S(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O) 2 H or —S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; when R 2 are groups for polysubstitution group, each R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , SH, S(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O) 2 H or —S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; and

Y represents a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, C 1-8 hydrocarbon chain optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, in which one or more carbon atoms are optionally replaced with heteroatom(s) selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is hydrochloride salt, hydrobromide salt, sulphate salt, trifluoroacetate salt, mesylate salt, tartrate salt, malate salt, succinate salt, maleate, citrate salt, phosphate salt, lactate salt, pyruvate salt, acetate salt, fumarate salt, oxaloacetate salt, esylate salt, oxalate salt, besylate salt or isethionate salt.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic group is phenyl, naphthyl, a benzo-fused five-membered or six-membered heterocyclic ring containing heteroatom(s) selected from N, S and O, or a five-membered or six-membered unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) or COOH, each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH or NO 2 , each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein Y is an unsubstituted saturated C 1-8 hydrocarbon group, or an unsubstituted saturated C 1-8 hydrocarbon group in which one carbon atom is replaced with oxygen or sulfur.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein both A and B represent N.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein

R 1 is an aromatic group mono- or disubstituted with R 3 , wherein

the aromatic group is phenyl, benzisoxazolyl or benzisothiazolyl group;

R 3 is H, F, Cl, Br, OCH 3 or CF 3 ;

A, B and X each independently represents CH or N;

R 2 represents H, F, Cl, Br, CN, CH 3 or OCH 3 ; and

Y represents ethylidene, propylidene, butylidene, or ethylideneoxy.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises:

I-1 1-(4-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-2 1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-3 1-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-4 1-(4-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-5 2-methyl-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-6 6-fluoro-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-7 1-(3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-8 1-(3-(4-(3-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-9 2-methyl-1-(3-(4-(3-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-10 1-(4-(4-(3-cyanophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-11 1-(4-(4-(4-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-12 1-(4-(4-(2-furyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-13 1-(4-(4-(4-pyridyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-14 1-(4-(4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-15 1-(4-(4-(1-cyclohexyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-16 1-(4-(4-(1-naphthyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-17 1-(4-(4-(2-quinoxalinyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-18 1-(4-(4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-19 1-(4-(4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisothiazolyl))piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-20 1-(4-(4-(3-benzimidazol)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-21 1-(4-(4-(3-(6-fluorobenzofuryl))piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-22 1-(3-(4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperazin-1-yl)propoxyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-23 1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propoxyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-24 1-(4-(4-(3-chlorphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propoxyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-25 6-chloro-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-26 6-cyano-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-27 6-methoxycarbonyl-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-28 2-chloro-1-(5-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)pentyl)-1H-benzimidazole,

I-29 1-(4-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-30 1-(4-(4-(3-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-31 1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-32 6-fluoro-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-33 5,6-dimethyl-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-34 3-(4-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzisothiazole,

I-35 3-(4-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzisoxazole,

I-36 6-fluoro-3-(4-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzisoxazole,

I-37 6-fluoro-3-(4-(3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzisoxazole,

I-38 1-(3-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-39 1-(3-(4-(3-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-40 1-(4-(4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-41 1-(4-(4-(3-cyanophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-42 1-(5-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)pentyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-43 1-(4-(4-(2-furyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-44 1-(4-(4-(4-pyridyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-45 1-(4-(4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-46 1-(4-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-47 1-(4-(4-(1-naphthyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-48 1-(4-(4-(2-quinoxalinyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-49 1-(4-(4-(3-(6-fluoro-benzisothiazolyl))piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-50 1-(4-(4-(3-benzimidazolyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-51 1-(3-(4-(3-(6-fluoro-benzofuryl))piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-52 1-(4-(4-(3-(6-fluoro-benzisoxazolyl))piperazin-1-yl)propoxyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-53 6-fluoro-1-(4-(4-(3-(6-fluoro-benzisothiazolyl))piperazin-1-yl) propoxyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-54 6-chloro-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-55 6-cyano-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-56 6-methoxycarbonyl-1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-benzotriazole,

I-57 1-(4-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-indole,

I-58 6-cyano-1-(4-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-indole,

I-59 1-(3-(4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzopyrazole,

I-60 6-cyano-1-(3-(4-(2,3-difluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzopyrazole,

I-61 1-[4-(4-(4-fluoro)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-1H-indole,

I-62 1-[4-cyclohexylpiperazine]butyl-1H-indole,

I-63 1-[4-(4-(4-fluoro)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-acetyl-1H-indole,

I-64 1-[4-cyclohexylpiperazine]butyl-5-acetyl-1H-indole,

I-65 1-[3-(4-(2,4-difluoro)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-acetyl-1H-indole,

I-66 1-[3-(4-(4-methyl)phenyl)piperazine]propyl-1H-indole,

I-67 1-[4-(4-(4-chloro)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-1H-indole,

I-68 1-[4-(4-(2-methyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-1H-indole,

I-69 1-[4-(4-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-1H-indole,

I-70 1-[3-(4-(4-methyl)phenyl)piperazine]propyl-5-methoxyl-1H-indole,

I-71 1-[4-(4-(4-trifluoromethoxyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-methoxyl-1H-indole,

I-72 1-[4-(4-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-methoxyl-1H-indole,

I-73 1-[3-(4-(2-methyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-methoxyl-1H-indole,

I-74 1-[3-(4-(2,4-difluoro)phenyl)piperazine]propyl-5-nitro-1H-indole,

I-75 1-[4-(4-(4-chloro)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-nitro-1H-indole,

I-76 1-[4-(4-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-nitro-1H-indole,

I-77 1-[4-(4-(2-methoxyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-nitro-1H-indole,

I-78 1-[4-(4-(2-methoxyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-chloro-1H-indole,

I-79 1-[4-(4-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-chloro-1H-indole,

I-80 1-[4-(4-(2,4-difluoro)phenyl)piperazine]butyl-5-chloro-1H-indole,

I-81 1-[2-(4-(2,4-di-trifluoromethoxyl)phenyl)piperazine]ethyl-5-chloro-1H-indole,

I-82 1-[2-(4-(2,4-dimethoxyl)phenyl)piperazine]ethyl-6-nitro-1H-indole,

I-83 1-[2-(4-(2,4-dichloro)phenyl)piperazine]ethyl-6-methoxyl-1H-indole,

I-84 N-(3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-benzisoxazolyl)piperidine,

I-85 N-(3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-86 N-(3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-methoxylbenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-87 N-(3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-methoxylbenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-88 N-(3-(6-fluoro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-89 N-(3-(6-chloro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-90 N-(3-(6-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-91 N-(3-(6-methoxyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-92 N-(3-(6-formyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-93 N-(3-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)propyl)-4-(3-benzisoxazolyl)piperidine,

I-94 N-(2-(1-benzotriazolyl)ethyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-95 N-(4-(1-benzotriazolyl)butyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-96 N-(4-(6-cyanobenzotriazolyl)butyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-97 N-(4-(6-cyanobenzotriazolyl)butyl)-4-(3-(6-methoxylbenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-98 N-(2-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)ethoxyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-99 N-(2-(1-benzotriazolyl)ethoxyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-100 N-(3-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)propyl)-4-(3-benzisothiazolyl)piperidine,

I-101 N-(3-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)propyl)-4-(3-benzopyrazol)piperidine,

I-102 N-(3-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)propyl)-4-(3-benzofuryl)piperidine,

I-103 N-(3-(1-benzopyrazol)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-104 N-(4-(6-cyanobenzopyrazolyl)butyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-105 N-(2-(6-fluorobenzotriazolyl)ethoxyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-106 N-(3-(6-fluorobenzotriazolyl)propoxyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-107 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperidine,

I-108 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperidine,

I-109 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-110 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-111 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)piperidine,

I-112 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(2-methoxylphenyl)piperidine,

I-113 N-(4-(6-fluoro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-114 N-(4-(6-methoxyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-115 N-(4-(6-cyano-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-116 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propoxyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-117 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propoxyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-118 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(2-furyl)piperidine,

I-119 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)piperidine,

I-120 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperidine,

I-121 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(4-cyclohexyl)piperidine,

I-122 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(1-naphthyl)piperidine,

I-123 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(2-quinoxalinyl)piperidine,

I-124 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperidine,

I-125 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperidine,

I-126 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3 trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-127 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-128 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)piperidine,

I-129 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(2-methoxylphenyl)piperidine,

I-130 N-(4-(6-fluoro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-131 N-(4-(6-methoxyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-132 N-(4-(6-cyano-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-133 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propoxyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-134 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propoxyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperidine,

I-135 N-(3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-methylbenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-136 N-(3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-methoxylbenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-137 N-(3-(6-fluoro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-138 N-(3-(6-chloro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-139 N-(3-(6-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-140 N-(3-(6-methoxyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-141 N-(3-(6-formyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-142 N-(3-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)propyl)-4-(3-benzisoxazolyl)piperidine,

I-143 N-(2-(1-benzotriazolypethyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-144 N-(4-(1-benzotriazolyl)butyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-145 N-(4-(6-cyanobenzotriazolyl)butyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-146 N-(4-(6-cyanobenzotriazolyl)butyl)-4-(3-(6-methoxylbenzisoxazolyl))piperidine,

I-147 N-(2-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)ethoxyl)-4-(3-benzisoxazolyl)piperidine,

I-148 N-(2-(1-benzotriazolyl)ethoxyl)-4-(3-fluorobenzisoxazolyl)piperidine,

I-149 N-(3-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzisothiazolyl))piperidine,

I-150 N-(3-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzopyrazol))piperidine,

I-151 N-(3-(6-methoxylbenzotriazolyl)propyl)-4-(3-(6-fluorobenzofuranyl))piperidine,

I-152 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(2-furyl)piperidine,

I-153 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)piperidine,

I-154 N-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperidine,

I-155 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-cyclohexylpiperidine,

I-156 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(1-naphthyl)piperidine, or

I-157 N-(4-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)butyl)-4-(2-quinoxalinyl)piperidine.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, cerebral ischemic disease induced by vascular spasm, myocardial ischemic disease, shock, renal ischemia, renal dysfunction due to renal vascular spasm, or peripheral vascular spasmodic disease.

11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt contains crystal water.

12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is hydrochloride salt, hydrobromide salt, sulfate salt or mesylate salt.

13. The method of claim 3 , wherein the aromatic group is phenyl, naphthyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzimidazoyl, benzopyrazol, benzofuryl, benzopyrimidinyl, benzopyridyl, quinoxalinyl, furyl, pyridyl or pyrimidinyl group.

14. The method of claim 3 , wherein the aromatic group is phenyl or benzisoxazolyl group, wherein (i) the aromatic group is phenyl, and X is N, or (ii) the aromatic group is benzisoxazolyl, X is CH, and A is N.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alicyclic group is cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidyl or piperazinyl group.

16. The method of claim 4 , wherein (i) X is N, and R 3 is H, F, Cl, or OCH 3 , or (ii) X is CH, and R 3 is H, F, or CF 3 .

17. The method of claim 5 , wherein (i) X is N, and R 2 is H, F Cl, CN, CH 3 or COOCH 3 , or (ii) X is CH, and R 2 is H or OCH 3 .

18. The method of claim 6 , wherein (i) Y is butylidene, and X is N, or (ii) Y is propylidene, and X is CH.

19. A method of inducing in a subject in need thereof, relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, said method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition effective for such relaxation, said pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein:

R 1 represents an aromatic group or an alicyclic group, each of which is mono- or polysubstituted with R 3 , wherein,

R 3 represents H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , SH, S(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O) 2 H or —S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; when R 3 are groups for polysubstitution, each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , SH, S(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O) 2 H or —S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms;

A, B and X each independently represents CH or N;

R 2 represents H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , SH, S(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O) 2 H or —S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; when R 2 are groups for polysubstitution group, each R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, CN, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, CHO, CO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COO(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), COOH, NO 2 , NH 2 , NH(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , SH, S(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), —S(O) 2 H or —S(O) 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), each of which alkyl moiety is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; and

Y represents a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, C 1-8 hydrocarbon chain optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, in which one or more carbon atoms are optionally replaced with heteroatom(s) selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen,

wherein the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is at least one of an α 1 receptor antagonist, a Ca 2+ channel blocker, and a 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist.