Highly pure powder intended for thermal spraying
Powder of particles, more than 95% by number of said particles exhibiting a circularity greater than or equal to 0.85, wherein said powder contains more than 99.8% of a rare earth oxide and/or of hafnium oxide and/or of yttrium aluminum oxide, as percentage by weight relative to the oxides, and has: a median particle size D 50 of between 10 and 40 microns and a size dispersion index (D 90−D 10)/D 50 of less than 3; a percentage by number of particles having a size less than or equal to 5 μm which is less than 5%; an apparent-density dispersion index (P<50−P)/P of less than 0.2, the cumulative specific volume of the pores which have a radius of less than 1 μm being less than 10% of the apparent volume of the powder, in which the percentiles Dn of the powder are the particle sizes corresponding to the percentages, by number, of n %, on the curve of cumulative distribution of the particle size of the powder, the particle sizes being classified in increasing order, the density P<50 being the apparent density of the fraction of particles having a size less than or equal to D50, and the density P being the apparent density of the powder.
1. A powder formed of particles, more than 95% by number of said particles exhibiting a circularity of greater than or equal to 0.85, said powder comprising more than 99.8% of a rare earth metal oxide and/or of hafnium oxide and/or of an yttrium-aluminum oxide, as percentage by weight on the basis of the oxides, and having:
a median particle size D 50 of between 10 and 40 microns and a size dispersion index (D 90 −D 10 )/D 50 of less than 3;
a percentage by number of particles having a size of less than or equal to 5 μm which is less than 5%;
a bulk density dispersion index (P <50 −P)/P of less than 0.2,
a cumulative specific volume of the pores having a radius of less than 1 μm being less than 10% of the bulk volume of the powder,
in which the D n percentiles of the powder are the particle sizes corresponding to the percentages, by number, of n %, on a cumulative distribution curve of the size of the particles of the powder, the particle sizes being classified by increasing order, the density P <50 being the bulk density of the fraction of the particles having a size of less than or equal to D 50 , and the density P being the bulk density of the powder,
the powder being manufactured according to a process comprising:
a) granulation using a binder so as to obtain a set formed of granules having a median size D 50 of between 20 and 60 microns and a circularity of 0.8 or more and comprising more than 99.8% of a rare earth metal oxide and/or of hafnium oxide and/or of an yttrium-aluminum oxide, as percentage by weight on the basis of the oxides;
b) injecting said set formed of granules, via a carrier gas, through an injector as far as a plasma jet generated by a plasma gun, so as to obtain molten droplets;
c) cooling said molten droplets so as to obtain the powder formed of the particles; and
d) optionally, performing particle size selection of the powder.
2. The powder as claimed in claim 1 , in which:
the median size of the particles D 50 is greater than 15 μm, and/or
the size dispersion index (D 90 −D 10 )/D 50 is less than 2.2 and/or greater than 0.4, and/or
the percentage by number of particles having a size of less than 10 micrometers is less than 3%, and/or
the specific surface of the particles of the powder is less than 3 m 2 /g, and/or
the bulk density dispersion index (P <50 −P)/P is less than 0.15.
3. The powder as claimed in claim 1 , in which:
the median size of the particles D 50 is less than 30 μm, and/or
the size dispersion index (D 90 −D 10 )/D 50 is less than 1.3, and/or
the percentage by number of the particles having a size of less than 10 micrometers is less than 2%, and/or
the specific surface of the particles of the powder is less than 1 m 2 /g, and/or
the bulk density dispersion index (P <50 −P)/P is less than 0.1.
4. The powder as claimed in claim 1 , in which:
the size dispersion index (D 90 −D 10 )/D 50 is greater than 0.7, and/or
the specific surface of the particles of the powder is less than 0.5 m 2 /g.
5. The powder as claimed in claim 1 , having a relative density greater than 0.4, where the relative density is equal to a bulk density of said powder divided by a real density of said powder.
6. The powder as claimed in claim 1 , in which the bulk density of the particles is greater than 2.25.
7. A process for the manufacture of a powder as claimed in claim 1 , said process comprising the following stages:
a) granulation using a binder so as to obtain a set formed of granules having a median size D50 of between 20 and 60 microns and having a circularity of 0.8 or more and comprising more than 99.8% of a rare earth metal oxide and/or of hafnium oxide and/or of an yttrium-aluminum oxide, as percentage by weight on the basis of the oxides;
b) injection of said set formed of granules, via a carrier gas, through an injector as far as a plasma jet generated by a plasma gun, so as to obtain molten droplets;
c) cooling said molten droplets, so as to obtain the powder;
d) optionally, particle size selection of said powder.
8. The process as claimed in claim 7 , in which said plasma gun is configured in order to generate said plasma jet around an axis X forming an angle α of less than 30° with a vertical line.
9. The process as claimed in claim 7 , in which a cooling fluid is injected into said plasma jet so as to cool said droplets, the cooling fluid being injected toward the downstream direction of the plasma jet and the angle γ between the path of the droplets and the path for the cooling fluid being less than or equal to 80°.
10. The process as claimed in claim 9 , in which an annular stream of cooling fluid is generated around an axis X forming an angle α of less than 30° with a vertical line.
11. The process as claimed in claim 9 , in which a minimum distance between an external surface of an anode of said plasma gun and a region where the droplets come into contact with said cooling fluid is between 50 mm and 400 mm.
12. The process as claimed in claim 7 , in which the granulation comprises an atomization.
13. A thermal spraying process comprising a stage of thermal spraying of a powder as claimed in claim 1 or manufactured as claimed in claim 7 .
14. A treatment chamber for semiconductors, said chamber comprising a wall protected by a liner, said liner comprising more than 99.95% of a rare earth metal oxide and/or of a hafnium oxide and/or of an yttrium-aluminum oxide, as percentage by weight on the basis of the of oxides, and exhibiting a porosity of less than or equal to 1.5%, said liner being a thermally sprayed powder, the powder being as claimed in claim 1 .