Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) formulations

1. A method of increasing EPA bioavailability in a subject, comprising administering to the subject and EPA composition comprising from about 15 wt. % to about 90 wt. % eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and about 10 wt. % to about 70 wt. % polar lipids, wherein:

the polar lipids comprise phospholipid conjugates and glycolipid conjugates;

about 3 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of the EPA in the composition is a phospholipid conjugate;

about 5 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of the EPA in the composition is a glycolipid conjugate;

about 0 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the EPA is a triglyceride conjugate or a diglyceride conjugate; and

the composition does not comprise docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or methyl esters or ethyl esters, and wherein the composition is suitable for human consumption.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EPA composition is administered as a capsule, tablet, solution, syrup, suspension, food, beverage, energy bar, or nutritional supplement.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein about 15 wt. % to about 85 wt. % of the EPA in the composition is in free fatty acid form.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises from about 10 wt. % to about 35 wt. % polar lipids.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least about 13 wt. % polar lipids.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least about 13 wt. % polar lipids, less than 0.2 wt. % glyceride conjugates and at least about 30 wt. % free fatty acids.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polar lipids are comprised of phospholipid conjugates and glycolipid conjugates at a wt. % ratio in the range of about 3:1 to about 1:3.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glycolipid conjugates comprise one or more of digalactosyldiacylglycerol and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EPA to total omega-3 fatty acids ratio is greater than 90%.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt. % to about 75 wt. % EPA.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises about 20 wt. % to about 50 wt. % EPA.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises less than about 1 wt. % phytosterols.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises less than about 2 wt. % carotenoids.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition does not comprise fatty acids selected from the group consisting of octadecatetraenoic acid or stearidonic acid (SDA=C18:4ω3), eicosatrienoic acid (ETE=C20:3ω3), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA=C20:4ω3), heneicosapentaenoic acid or uncosapentaenoic acid (HPA=C21:5ω3), and docapentaenoic acid (DPA=C22:5ω3).

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises about 20 50 wt. % EPA, about 10-25 wt. % glycolipids, and about 5-25 wt. % phospholipids.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phospholipid conjugates comprise one or more of phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phospholipid conjugates comprise one or more of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:

i) 0 to 5 wt. % C:18 fatty acids;

ii) 0 to 20 wt. % C:16 fatty acids;

iii) 0 to 5 wt. % C:14 fatty acids;

iv) 0 to 0.5 wt. % C:12 fatty acids; and/or

v) 0 to 0.5 wt. % C:10 fatty acids.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises chlorophyll a and does not comprise chlorophyll c.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises less than about 10.0 wt. % arachidonic acid.