Embolic compositions
Embolic compositions comprising macromers having a backbone comprising a polymeric backbone comprising units with a 1,2-diol or 1,3-diol structure, such as polyvinyl alcohol, and pendant chains bearing crosslinkable groups and, optionally, other modifiers. When crosslinked, the macromers form hydrogels having many properties advantageous for use as embolic agents to block and fill lumens and spaces. The embolic compositions can be used as liquid embolic agents and crosslinked in situ or as preformed embolic articles, such as microspheres.
1. A method for embolization, comprising the steps:
providing a composition comprising macromers having a polymeric backbone comprising units with a 1,2-diol or 1,3-diol structure and at least two pendant chains bearing crosslinkable groups and having the formula:
in which R is a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkylene or a linear or branched C 1 -C 12 alkane; R 1 is hydrogen, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or a cycloalkyl; R 2 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and R 3 is an olefinically unsaturated electron attracting copolymerizable radical having up to 25 carbon atoms;
delivering the composition to the intended site of embolization, or upstream of the intended site; and
then crosslinking the macromers to form a hydrogel;
wherein the crosslinkable groups of the macromer are crosslinkable via free radical polymerization that is redox initiated;
and the composition comprises a first solution comprising a reductant and a second solution comprising an oxidant and the macromers are present in either or both solutions.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the macromere further comprises pendant modifier groups.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering an active agent.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the active agent is a chemotherapeutic agent.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel is biodegradable.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a copolymerizable monomer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises using a delivery device to deliver the solutions separately and mixing the solutions to initiate crosslinking.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the solutions are delivered to the intended site using a multilumen catheter.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the solutions are mixed in the catheter.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the embolization is used for treatment of a uterine fibroid, by delivering the embolic composition to a vessel feeding the fibroid to occlude the vessel.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the embolization is used for treatment of a tumor, by delivering the embolic composition to a vessel feeding the tumor to occlude the vessel.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the embolization is used for treatment of an endoleak by delivering the embolic composition to seal the endoleak.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein sealing the endoleak comprises partially or completely filling the aneurysm sac with the embolic composition.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the embolization is used for treatment of an arteriovenous malformation by delivering the embolic composition to occlude the malformation.
15. A method for embolization, comprising:
delivering an embolic composition to a vessel to occlude the vessel;
wherein the embolic composition comprises preformed microspheres formed from crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel and an active agent incorporated into the hydrogel, wherein the hydrogel is crosslinked via free-radical polymerization.
16. The method of claim 15, further including a contrast agent incorporated into the hydrogel.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the contrast agent is an iodinated contrast agent.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the active agent is a chemotherapeutic agent.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is doxorubicin.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein the active agent is doxorubicin.
21. The method of claim 15, further comprising: delivering a plurality of microspheres to occlude the vessel.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein each of the plurality of microspheres has a size from about 10 μm to about 2000 μm.
23. The method of claim 15, for treatment of a tumor.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the active agent is doxorubicin.
25. A method for embolization, comprising:
delivering an embolic composition to a vessel to occlude the vessel;
wherein the embolic composition comprises microspheres formed from crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel and includes doxorubicin incorporated into the hydrogel.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the PVA hydrogel is crosslinked with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS).