Hemorrhage management system
An embodiment includes a wound dressing comprising: a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam, including open cells, having first and second states; and a hydrogel (HG) included within the cells; wherein (a) in a first position a composite, including the SMP foam and the HG, is configured to be located proximate a hemorrhagic tissue with the SMP foam in the first state; (b) in a second position the composite is configured to be expanded to the second state against the hemorrhagic tissue when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing a glass transition temperature (T g ) of the SMP foam to below 25° C. Other embodiments are described herein.
1. A wound dressing comprising:
a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam, including open cells, having first and second states; and
a hydrogel (HG) included within the cells;
wherein (a) in a first position a composite, including the SMP foam and the HG, is configured to be located proximate a wound with the SMP foam in the first state; (b) in a second position the composite is configured to expand to the second state within the wound when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the SMP foam to below 25° C.
2. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam includes polyurethane and the HG includes Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEG-DA)N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) (PEG-DANVPHG).
3. The wound dressing of claim 2 , wherein the SMP foam includes at least two of Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), triethanolamine (TEA), hydroxypropyl ethylenediamine (HPED), or combinations thereof.
4. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam actuates at body temperature.
5. The wound dressing of claim 3 , wherein the HG is doped with an antimicrobial agent.
6. The wound dressing of claim 5 , wherein the antimicrobial agent includes iodine.
7. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein the HG is doped with iodine that is bound to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) included in the HG.
8. The wound dressing of claim 1 comprising at least one of kaolin, chitosan, silicate nanoparticles, bioactive glass particles, diatomaceous earth, silver particles, hydrogen peroxide, or combinations thereof.
9. The wound dressing of claim 1 comprising a syringe that includes the composite and a plurality of additional composites, each of the additional composites including an additional SMP foam with additional cells that include additional HGs.
10. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam is configured to conform to contours of the wound, when in the second position and the second state, based on the SMP foam having % Shape Recovery greater than 85, expansion ratio greater than 4.00, and swellability (Q) greater than 20 where Q=(mass of saturated device)/(mass of dry device).
11. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein the cells are reticulated.
12. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam and the HG are both biostable, and the composite is a medical implant configured for permanent implantation within a patient.
13. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam is crosslinked and includes struts, which form the cells, and the HG is crosslinked around struts.
14. The wound dressing of claim 13 , wherein the SMP foam is a thermoset polymer that includes polyurethane.
15. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein in the first state the composite is substantially cylindrical.
16. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein in the first state the composite is substantially spherical.
17. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein in the first state the composite is substantially planar.
18. A hemorrhage management system comprising:
a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam, including open cells, having first and second states; and
a hydrogel (HG) included within the cells;
wherein (a) in a first position a composite, including the SMP foam and the HG, is configured to be located proximate a hemorrhagic tissue with the SMP foam in the first state; (b) in a second position the composite is configured to expand to the second state against the hemorrhagic tissue when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the SMP foam to below 25° C.
19. The system of claim 18 comprising a substrate coupled to the composite, wherein the substrate includes at least one of gauze, bandage, hydrogel, skin substitute, a tourniquet, or combinations thereof.
20. The system of claim 18 , wherein (a) the SMP foam is crosslinked and includes struts, which form the cells, and the HG is crosslinked around struts; and (b) the SMP foam is a thermoset polymer that includes polyurethane.