Absorber for terahertz radiation management
A method and apparatus for minimizing the degradation of power in a free electron laser (FEL) generating terahertz (THz) radiation. The method includes inserting an absorber ring in the FEL beam path for absorbing any irregular THz radiation and thus minimizes the degradation of downstream optics and the resulting degradation of the FEL output power. The absorber ring includes an upstream side, a downstream side, and a plurality of wedges spaced radially around the absorber ring. The wedges form a scallop-like feature on the innermost edges of the absorber ring that acts as an apodizer, stopping diffractive focusing of the THz radiation that is not intercepted by the absorber. Spacing between the scallop-like features and the shape of the features approximates the Bartlett apodization function. The absorber ring provides a smooth intensity distribution, rather than one that is peaked on-center, thereby eliminating minor distortion downstream of the absorber.
1. A method for minimizing the power degradation of a terahertz (THz) beam in a free electron laser (FEL) having a beam tube, comprising:
a. providing a THz absorber ring having an upstream side, a downstream side, and a plurality of wedges spaced radially around the upstream side of the absorber ring;
b. placing said THz absorber ring within said beam tube with the upstream side of said THz absorber ring facing the oncoming THz beam; and
c. absorbing irregular THz radiation to minimize the power degradation of the THz beam.
2. The method of claim 1 , which includes providing a means for stopping diffractive focusing of the THz radiation that is not intercepted by the absorber.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said means for stopping diffractive focusing of the THz radiation includes providing scallop-like features on the innermost edges of the absorber ring.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said scallop-like features form an apodizer.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said scallop-like features include a spacing there between and a shape that approximates the Bartlett apodization function.
6. A method for minimizing the power degradation of a terahertz (THz) beam in a free electron laser (FEL), comprising:
a. providing a THz absorber ring having an upstream side, a downstream side, and a plurality of wedges spaced radially around the upstream side of the absorber ring;
b. placing said THz absorber ring with the upstream side facing the THz beam;
c. absorbing irregular THz radiation to minimize the power degradation of the THz beam; and
providing a means for stopping diffractive focusing of the THz radiation that is not intercepted by the absorber.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said means for stopping diffractive focusing of the THz radiation includes providing scallop-like features on the innermost edges of the absorber ring.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said scallop-like features form an apodizer.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein said scallop-like features include a spacing there between and a shape that approximates the Bartlett apodization function.
10. A terahertz (THz) absorber ring for mounting in the inside diameter of a beam pipe of the optical cavity resonator of a free electron laser (FEL), comprising:
a ring-shaped gasket adapted for mounting between two flanges of the beam pipe;
a ring-like constriction extending inward of the ring-shaped gasket;
said THz absorber ring having an upstream side and a downstream side; and
a plurality of wedges spaced radially around said upstream side of said ring-like constriction.
11. The THz absorber of claim 10 , wherein
said wedges include innermost edges; and
said wedges forming scallop-like features on the innermost edges of said THz absorber ring, said scallop-like features act as an apodizer, stopping diffractive focusing of the THz radiation that is not intercepted by the THz absorber.
12. The THz absorber of claim 11 , wherein
the scallop-like features include a spacing and a shape; and
the spacing between the scallop-like features and the shape of the features approximates the Bartlett apodization function.
13. The THz absorber of claim 10 , wherein each of said wedges includes an upstream radial edge.
14. The THz absorber of claim 10 , including a conical surface on the downstream side of said THz absorber, said conical surface removing secondary radiation from bouncing upstream in said beam pipe.
15. The THz absorber of claim 10 , including a disk extending outward from said gasket portion.
16. The THz absorber of claim 15 , including a cooling tube integral with said disk, said cooling tube extending circumferentially around said disk.
17. The THz absorber of claim 15 , including a disk extension integral with said disk, said disk extension extending circumferentially around said disk.
18. The THz absorber of claim 10 , wherein said THz absorber is constructed of copper.
19. The method of claim 1 , which includes providing a conical surface on the downstream side of said THz absorber ring, said conical surface removing secondary radiation from bouncing upstream in said beam pipe.