Compositions comprising estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 1 , independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 3 and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
1. A method comprising:
transferring power in hydraulic machinery through the use of a power transfer medium,
wherein the power transfer medium comprises an extreme pressure agent and an estolide base oil consisting essentially of at least one estolide compound, and said medium exhibits an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 2, wherein EN represents the average number of estolide linkages for estolide compounds contained in the medium, and wherein the estolide base oil exhibits a kinematic viscosity of less than 45 cSt when measured at 40° C.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said medium exhibits an EN that is an integer or fraction of an integer selected from 1 to 2.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one estolide compound is selected from compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 12;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched;
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one compound is independently optionally substituted.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 14;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein x+y is 15 for at least one chain.
7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein R 2 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein R 2 is selected from C 6 to C 12 alkyl.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein R 2 is 2-ethylhexyl.
10. The method according to claim 4 , wherein R 1 is an unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein R 1 is saturated.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein R 1 is selected from unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl.
13. The method according to claim 4 , wherein x is selected from 7 and 8.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein y is selected from 7 and 8.
15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein y is 0.
16. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said medium exhibits an EN that is an integer or fraction of an integer selected from 1 to 2, wherein EN represents the average number of estolide linkages for estolide compounds contained in the medium.
17. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the extreme pressure agent selected from at least one of a phosphorous extreme pressure agent or a sulfur extreme pressure agent.
18. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the extreme pressure agent is selected from at least one of a phosphoric acid ester, an acidic phosphoric acid ester, an amine phosphate, an amine salts of phosphoric acid, an amine salt of an acidic phosphoric acid ester, a chlorinated acidic phosphoric acid ester, or a phosphorous acid ester.
19. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the extreme pressure agent is selected from at least one of a sulfurized oil, a sulfurized fat, a sulfurized fatty acid, a sulfurized ester, a sulfurized olefin, a dihydrocarbyl(poly)sulfide, a thiadiazole compound, an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound, a thiocarbamate compound, a thioterpene compound, a diallylthiodipropionate compound, a sulfurized mineral oil, a zinc dithiocarbamate compound, or a molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound.
20. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the estolide base oil exhibits a kinematic viscosity of 20 cSt to 45 cSt when measured at 40° C.