Multimetallic core/interlayer/shell nanoparticles
A multimetallic core/interlayer/shell nanoparticle comprises an inner core formed from a first metal. An interlayer is disposed on the first layer. The interlayer includes a plurality of gold atoms. An outer shell is disposed over the interlayer. The outer shell includes platinum and the first metal. A surface of the NP is substantially free of gold. The first metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, vanadium, yttrium, ruthenium, palladium, scandium, tin, lead and zinc.
1. A catalyst, comprising:
an electrically conducting substrate;
a plurality of nanoparticles disposed within the electrically conducting substrate, the nanoparticles comprising:
an inner core consisting of nickel,
an interlayer disposed on the inner core, the interlayer consisting of a plurality of gold atoms, and
an outer shell disposed over the interlayer, the outer shell consisting of platinum and nickel,
wherein, a surface of the nanoparticles is free of gold,
wherein an amount of gold in the nanoparticle is in a range of 5 atom % to 28 atom %.
2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conducting substrate comprises carbon.
3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the inner core has a diameter in the range of 2.5 nm to 3.5 nm.
4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the interlayer has a thickness in the range of 0.5 nm to 2 nm.
5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the outer shell has a thickness in the range of 0.5 nm to 2 nm.
6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst retains greater than 90% of a catalytic activity of the catalyst after 10,000 potential cycles.