Pressure sensing catheter system
A pressure sensing catheter system includes a urethral catheter and a sensor array formed on the urethral catheter. The sensor array includes a plurality of pressure sensors distributed along a length of the urethral catheter. The sensor array is configured to produce a dynamic pressure distribution profile along a urethra.
1. A pressure sensing catheter system, comprising:
a urethral catheter; and
a flexible sensor strip formed on the urethral catheter, wherein the flexible sensor strip includes a plurality of capacitive pressure sensors distributed along a length of the urethral catheter and includes signal lines to carry signals from the capacitive pressure sensors to an external interface.
2. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible sensor strip includes at least one electromyography (EMG) electrode configured to perform EMG measurements in a urethra.
3. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one EMG electrode is configured to be positioned at a urogenital diaphragm of a patient.
4. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 2 , wherein the flexible sensor strip is configured to provide concurrent measurement of pressures and EMG signals during provocative maneuvers.
5. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the pressure sensors are configured to measure pressures at least as low as 0.1 psi.
6. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 1 , wherein each of the capacitive pressure sensors includes a top electrode and a bottom electrode separated by a gap.
7. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 6 , wherein the gap is between 0.1 μm to 100 μm.
8. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible sensor strip includes at least five capacitive pressure sensors.
9. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 8 , where the pressure sensors have a spacing between adjacent sensors of 1 mm to 10 mm.
10. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 8 , wherein the pressure sensors are spaced apart to cover a total length on the urethral catheter of 3 cm to 5 cm.
11. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible sensor strip includes a reference sensor that is immune to pressure influence and is configured to measure parasitic capacitance caused by proximity to human tissue and produce a reference signal for compensating signals of the pressure sensors.
12. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the reference sensor comprises a single electrode.
13. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible sensor strip comprises at least one piezoresistive transducer signal line to measure capacitance due to bending of the flexible sensor strip for compensating signals of the pressure sensors due to bending errors.
14. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 1 , wherein each of the pressure sensors includes a top electrode formed on a top polyimide layer and a bottom electrode formed on a bottom polyimide layer, and wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode are separated by a gap.
15. The pressure sensing catheter system of claim 14 , wherein each of the pressure sensors further includes a PolyDiMethylSiloxane (PDMS) spacer layer separating the top and bottom polyimide layers and the top and bottom electrodes.
16. A method of measuring pressure in a urethra, comprising:
inserting a urethral catheter inside a urethra, wherein the urethral catheter includes a flexible sensor strip having a plurality of capacitive pressure sensors distributed along a length of the urethral catheter and having signal lines to carry signals from the capacitive pressure sensors to an external interface;
measuring with each of the capacitive pressure sensors a value while the capacitive pressure sensor is being influenced by pressure within the urethra; and
generating a dynamic pressure distribution profile along the urethra based on the values produced by the capacitive pressure sensors.
17. The method of claim 16 , and further comprising:
performing electromyography (EMG) measurements in the urethra using at least one EMG electrode formed on the flexible sensor strip, wherein the EMG measurements are performed concurrently with the measuring with each of the pressure sensors a value.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the method further comprises:
measuring parasitic capacitance caused by proximity to human tissue using a reference sensor on the flexible sensor strip; and
compensating signals produced by the capacitive pressure sensors based on the measured parasitic capacitance.
19. The method of claim 16 , and further comprising:
measuring, using at least one piezoresistive transducer signal line on the flexible sensor strip, capacitance due to bending of the flexible sensor strip for compensating signals of the capacitive pressure sensors due to bending errors.
20. A pressure sensing catheter system, comprising:
a Foley type catheter; and
a flexible sensor strip formed on the catheter, wherein the sensor strip includes a plurality of capacitive pressure sensors distributed along a length of the catheter, wherein the sensor strip includes signal lines to carry signals from the capacitive pressure sensors to an external interface, wherein the sensor strip includes at least one electromyography (EMG) electrode configured to perform EMG measurements in a urethra.