Methods and systems for fuel production in electrochemical cells and reactors
Methods and systems for fuel, chemical, and/or electricity production from electrochemical cells are disclosed. A voltage is applied between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell. The anode includes a metal or metal oxide electrocatalyst. Oxygen is supplied to the cathode, producing oxygen ions. The anode electrocatalyst is at least partially oxidized by the oxygen ions transported through an electrolyte from the cathode to the anode. A feed gas stream is supplied to the anode electrocatalyst, which is converted to a liquid fuel. The anode electrocatalyst is re-oxidized to higher valency oxides, or a mixture of oxide phases, by supplying the oxygen ions to the anode. The re-oxidation by the ions is controlled or regulated by the amount of voltage applied.
1. A method of converting lower-cost gases into higher-value fuels and chemicals, comprising:
a. applying a voltage between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell, wherein the anode includes a metal oxide electrocatalyst;
b. supplying oxygen to the cathode which produces oxygen ions, wherein the anode electrocatalyst is at least partially oxidized by the oxygen ions transported through an electrolyte from the cathode to the anode; and
c. supplying a feed gas stream to the anode electrocatalyst, wherein the feed gas stream is at least partially oxidized by the anode electrocatalyst; and
d. re-oxidizing the anode electrocatalyst by supplying the oxygen ions to the anode, the extent of which is controlled by the voltage applied.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the anode electrocatalyst is re-oxidized to higher valency oxides or a mixture of oxide phases.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the feed gas stream is methane and the liquid fuel is methanol or formaldehyde.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the anode electrocatalyst comprises oxides of at least one of the following: Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Sb, Ga, Zn, P, Ce, W, Ti, Sn, Zn, Nd, Bi, Re, Ru, Rh, Ga, Cs, and V.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the cathode is a lithiated composite material and the electrolyte is a composite material.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the cathode is a lithiated nickel oxide material and the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: doped cerium oxide, alkali carbonate, sodium carbonate, and combinations thereof.
7. A method of producing electricity from gases comprising:
a. applying a voltage between an anode and a cathode of a first electrochemical cell, wherein the anode includes a metal or a metal oxide electrocatalyst or their mixture;
b. supplying oxygen to the cathode which produces oxygen ions, wherein the anode electrocatalyst is at least partially oxidized by the oxygen ions transported through an electrolyte from the cathode to the anode;
c. supplying a feed gas stream to the anode electrocatalyst, wherein the feed gas stream is at least partially oxidized by the anode electrocatalyst and converted to a liquid fuel, and wherein the anode electrocatalyst is re-oxidized by the oxygen ions, the extent of which is controlled by the voltage applied; and
d. oxidizing the liquid fuel over a second anode electrocatalyst of a second electrochemical cell to produce electricity.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein oxygen lost by the second anode electrocatalyst in oxidizing the liquid fuel is re-oxidized by oxygen ions through a second cathode and electrolyte of the second electrochemical cell.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the second anode electrocatalyst comprises Ni alloys of at least one of the following: Mo, W, Co, Cu, Fe, Sb, Sn, P, and Zn.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the feed gas stream is methane and the liquid fuel is methanol or formaldehyde.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein the anode electrocatalyst comprises oxides of at least one of the following: Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Sb, Ga, Zn, P, Ce, W, Ti, Sn, Zn, Nd, Bi, Re, Ru, Rh, Ga, Cs, and V.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the first and second cathodes comprise a lithiated composite material and the first and second electrolytes comprise a composite material.