Parasitic biological agents for treatment and prevention of graft versus host disease
The invention relates to helminthic parasite preparations and their use for treatment or prevention of GVHD in a subject that has undergone a transplant. The invention also related to helminthic parasite preparations and their use for prevention of GVHD in a subject prior to a transplant.
1. A method of decreasing the production of IFNγ and/or TNFα by donor T cells in a subject that has received a transplant, comprising administering a helminthic parasite preparation to the subject in an amount and for a time effective to decrease said production, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of a graft versus tumor effect, a graft versus leukemia effect, a graft versus lymphoma effect, a graft versus B cell neoplasm effect, and a graft versus myeloma effect is observed in the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said graft versus myeloma effect is observed in said subject.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parasite preparation is administered daily, weekly, bi-weekly or every two weeks after the transplant or wherein the parasite preparation is administered in decreasing intervals of time following the transplant.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein administration is continued for at least 6 months.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parasite preparation is administered to the subject after the subject has developed graft versus host disease (GVHD).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein GVHD is acute or chronic.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein GVHD is treated if following administration:
(a) the subject does not have an onset of one or more of a symptom of GVHD selected from the group consisting of: skin rash, diarrhea, liver disease, weight loss/anorexia, nausea, and vomiting;
(b) there is no increase in the level of IFNγ in the serum of the subject;
(c) there is no increase in the level of IFNγ in the serum of the subject and no onset of a symptom of GVHD selected from the group consisting of: skin rash, diarrhea, liver disease, weight loss/anorexia, nausea, and vomiting; and/or
(d) there are no detectable apoptotic bodies in tissue derived from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the level of IFNγ and/or TNFα in the serum of the subject is measured prior to administration of the parasite preparation and after administration.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the number of latency associated protein (LAP) expressing recipient T cells of the subject following administration of the parasite preparation as compared to the level before administration, indicates prevention of GVHD.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the number of LAP expressing recipient T cells of the subject is measured prior to administration of the parasite preparation.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein administration is continued for at least 6 months after transplant.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transplant is a bone marrow transplant.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parasite preparation comprises 500-7500 parasites.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parasite preparation is administered orally.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parasite preparation is administered in combination with a second agent.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the helminth is selected from the group consisting of: helminths that colonize humans; and helminths that colonize non-human mammals.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said graft versus tumor effect is observed in said subject.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said graft versus leukemia effect is observed in said subject.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said graft versus lymphoma effect is observed in said subject.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said graft versus B cell neoplasm effect is observed in said subject.