Digital electron amplifier with anode readout devices and methods of fabrication
Scalable electron amplifier devices and methods of fabricating the devices an atomic layer deposition (“ALD”) fabrication process are described. The ALD fabrication process allows for large area (e.g., eight inches by eight inches) electron amplifier devices to be produced at reduced costs compared to current fabrication processes. The ALD fabrication process allows for nanostructure functional coatings, to impart a desired electrical conductivity and electron emissivity onto low cost borosilicate glass micro-capillary arrays to form the electron amplifier devices.
1. A digital electron amplifier system comprising:
a base substrate having a top surface;
an anode structure; and
an electron amplification structure (“EAS”) having an insulating oxide layer, a bottom electrode, a top electrode, a resistive layer positioned between the top electrode and the bottom electrode, and a plurality of pores traveling through the insulating oxide layer, the bottom electrode, the resistive layer, and the top electrode;
secondary electron emission coating wherein walls of the plurality of pores are coated with a uniform deposition of the secondary electron emission coating; and
wherein the anode structure is exposed at a bottom of each of the pores.
2. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , wherein the anode structure includes a plurality of anode lines forming a serpentine pattern.
3. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , wherein the insulating oxide layer comprises silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, or titanium dioxide.
4. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , wherein the insulating oxide layer is less than 500 nm in thickness.
5. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode are formed from platinum, nickel-chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, silver, or gold, and wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode are approximately 100 nm in thickness.
6. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , wherein the system is a micro-electro-mechanical system.
7. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , further comprising an anode readout.
8. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , further comprising a high voltage power source configured to provide a bias voltage across the top electrode and the bottom electrode.
9. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , wherein the digital electron amplifier system is at least eight inches by eight inches in size.
10. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pores have a circular shape.
11. A digital electron amplifier system comprising:
a base substrate having a top surface;
an anode structure; and
an electron amplification structure (“EAS”) having an insulating oxide layer, a bottom electrode, a top electrode, a resistive layer positioned between the top electrode and the bottom electrode, and a plurality of pores traveling through the insulating oxide layer, the bottom electrode, the resistive layer, and the top electrode, the plurality of pores aligned perpendicular to the top surface;
secondary electron emission coating wherein the walls of the plurality of pores are coated with a uniform deposition of the secondary electron emission coating; and wherein the anode structure is exposed at a bottom of each of the pores.
12. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 11 , wherein the anode structure includes a plurality of anode lines forming a serpentine pattern.
13. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 11 , wherein the insulating oxide layer comprises silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, or titanium dioxide.
14. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 11 , wherein the insulating oxide layer is less than 500 nm in thickness.
15. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 11 , wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode are formed from platinum, nickel-chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, silver, or gold, and wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode are approximately 100 nm in thickness.
16. A digital electron amplifier system comprising:
a base substrate having a top surface;
an anode structure; and
an electron amplification structure (“EAS”) having an insulating oxide layer, a bottom electrode, a top electrode, a resistive layer positioned between the top electrode and the bottom electrode, and a plurality of pores traveling through the insulating oxide layer, the bottom electrode, the resistive layer, and the top electrode, the plurality of pores aligned at a constant bias angle to the top surface;
secondary electron emission coating wherein the walls of the plurality of pores are coated with a uniform deposition of the secondary electron emission coating; and wherein the anode structure is exposed at a bottom of each of the pores.
17. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 16 , wherein the anode structure includes a plurality of anode lines forming a serpentine pattern.
18. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 16 , wherein the insulating oxide layer comprises silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, or titanium dioxide.
19. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 16 , wherein the insulating oxide layer is less than 500 nm in thickness.
20. The digital electron amplifier system of claim 16 , wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode are formed from platinum, nickel-chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, silver, or gold, and wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode are approximately 100 nm in thickness.