Assisting torque setting method and apparatus

1. An assisting torque setting apparatus comprising:

a body information extractor configured to extract body information on a user;

a reference gait model generator configured to generate a reference gait model by applying the body information to a body model; and

an assisting torque setter configured to set an assisting torque by,

determining a first one of a plurality of gait tasks based on the body information, the plurality of gait tasks being a level walking task, an ascending task, a descending task, a stepping-up task and a stepping-down task,

generating an initial assisting torque profile, the initial assisting torque profile being a series of preset points that each indicate an assisting torque provided from a walking assistance apparatus at a corresponding time within a single step within the first one of the plurality of gait tasks, the series of points together forming a trajectory of the assisting torque during the single step such that the trajectory of the assisting torque changes over time during the single step when performing the first one of the plurality of gait tasks based on the reference gait model,

determining an amount of metabolic energy used for a gait of the user,

adjusting the trajectory indicated in the initial assisting torque profile by, for at least one of the preset points, increasing or decreasing the assisting torque associated therewith based on the first one of the plurality of gait tasks to generate a first assisting torque profile associated with the first one of the plurality of gait tasks such that the first assisting torque profile reduces the amount of metabolic energy expended by the user when performing the first one of the plurality of gait tasks,

setting the assisting torque provided from the walking assistance apparatus to the user based on the first assisting torque profile,

determining whether the user switches to a second one of the plurality of gait tasks based on a change in one or more of a hip-joint angle and a hip joint angular velocity of the body information, the second one of the plurality of gait tasks being a different one of the plurality of gait tasks from the first one of the plurality of gait tasks,

further adjusting the trajectory indicated in the initial assisting torque profile by, for at least one of the preset points, increasing or decreasing the assisting torque associated therewith based on the second one of the plurality of gait tasks to generate a second assisting torque profile associated with the second one of the plurality of gait tasks such that the second assisting torque profile reduces the amount of metabolic energy expended by the user when performing the second one of the plurality of gait tasks, and

setting the assisting torque provided from the walking assistance apparatus to the user based on the second assisting torque profile.

2. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the body information comprises:

at least one of joint information, muscle information, and nerve information associated with the user.

3. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the body information extractor is configured to determine the joint information using at least one of a motion capturing apparatus and a force plate apparatus.

4. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to determine the amount of metabolic energy used for a gait of the user by calculating a metabolic cost of transport (MCOT) associated with the user.

5. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to calculate the MCOT based on a force used in a muscle of the user during the gait, a moving velocity of the muscle, a moving distance of the user, and a mass of the muscle.

6. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to adjust the trajectory until the MCOT is minimized.

7. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to determine a variation of the MCOT in response to the adjusting of the trajectory.

8. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to determine the first assisting torque profile and the second assisting torque profile based on a dynamic programming or a rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT).

9. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 4 , wherein

the walking assistance apparatus includes a driving portion configured to output the assisting torque corresponding to the at least one of the hip joint angle and the hip joint angular velocity of the user, and

the assisting torque setter is configured to determine, based on the reference gait model, an optimal gain that minimizes the MCOT by adjusting a gain of the driving portion.

10. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to measure the at least one of the hip joint angle and the hip joint angular velocity in real time.

11. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to adjust the gain until the MCOT is minimized.

12. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to determine a variation of the MCOT in response to the adjusting of the gain.

13. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to determine the optimal gain based on a Newton method such that the assisting torque setter successively determines the gain until the assisting torque setter converges to the optimal gain.

14. The assisting torque setting apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to determine the optimal gain in response to the hip joint angle or hip joint angular velocity being greater than a threshold range.

15. A walking assistance apparatus comprising:

a receiver configured to receive, from an external source, a reference gait model, the reference gait model being modeled based on body information of a user of the walking assistance apparatus; and

an assisting torque setter configured to set an assisting torque by,

determining a first one of a plurality of gait tasks based on the body information, the plurality of gait tasks being a level walking task, an ascending task, a descending task, a stepping-up task and a stepping-down task,

generating an initial assisting torque profile, the initial assisting torque profile being a series of preset points that each indicate an assisting torque provided from a walking assistance apparatus at a corresponding time within a single step within the first one of the plurality of gait tasks, the series of points together forming a trajectory of the assisting torque during the single step such that the trajectory of the assisting torque changes over time during the single step when performing the first one of the plurality of gait tasks based on the reference gait model,

determining an amount of metabolic energy used for a gait of the user,

adjusting the trajectory indicated in the initial assisting torque profile by, for at least one of the preset points, increasing or decreasing the assisting torque associated therewith based on the first one of the plurality of gait tasks to generate a first assisting torque profile associated with the first one of the plurality of gait tasks such that the first assisting torque profile reduces the amount of metabolic energy expended by the user when performing the first one of the plurality of gait tasks,

setting the assisting torque provided from the walking assistance apparatus to the user based on the first assisting torque profile,

determining whether the user switches to a second one of the plurality of gait tasks based on a change in one or more of a hip-joint angle and a hip joint angular velocity of the body information, the second one of the plurality of gait tasks being a different one of the plurality of gait tasks from the first one of the plurality of gait tasks,

further adjusting the trajectory indicated in the initial assisting torque profile by, for at least one of the preset points, increasing or decreasing the assisting torque associated therewith based on the second one of the plurality of gait tasks to generate a second assisting torque profile associated with the second one of the plurality of gait tasks such that the second assisting torque profile reduces the amount of metabolic energy expended by the user when performing the second one of the plurality of gait tasks, and

setting the assisting torque provided from the walking assistance apparatus to the user based on the second assisting torque profile.

16. The walking assistance apparatus of claim 15 , further comprising:

a selector configured to select whether the walking assistance apparatus is operating in a first operation mode and a second operation mode, the first operation mode being a mode in which the walking assistance apparatus provides the assisting torque to the user and the second operation mode being a mode in which the walking assistance apparatus sets the assisting torque,

wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to set the assisting torque in response to the second operation mode selected by the selector.

17. The walking assistance apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the assisting torque setter is configured to determine the amount of metabolic energy used for a gait of the user by calculating a metabolic cost of transport (MCOT).

18. The walking assistance apparatus of claim 17 , wherein

the walking assistance apparatus includes a driving portion configured to output the assisting torque corresponding to the at least one of the hip joint angle and the hip joint angular velocity of the user, and

the assisting torque setter is configured to determine an optimal gain that minimizes the MCOT by adjusting a gain of the driving portion.

19. A walking assistance apparatus configured to worn by a user thereof, the walking assistance apparatus comprising:

an assistance device configured to be worn on a leg of the user;

a driver configured to generate an assisting torque to drive the assistance device; and

a controller configured to determine the assisting torque based on a reference gait model, the reference gait model modeling a gait of the user based on body information associated with the user, the controller configured to determine the assisting torque by,

determining a first one of a plurality of gait tasks based on the body information, the plurality of gait tasks being a level walking task, an ascending task, a descending task, a stepping-up task and a stepping-down task,

generating an initial assisting torque profile, the initial assisting torque profile being a series of preset points that each indicate an assisting torque provided from a walking assistance apparatus at a corresponding time within a single step within the first one of the plurality of gait tasks, the series of points together forming a trajectory of the assisting torque during the single step such that the trajectory of the assisting torque changes over time during the single step when performing the first one of the plurality of gait tasks based on the reference gait model,

determining an amount of metabolic energy used for a gait of the user,

adjusting the trajectory indicated in the initial assisting torque profile by, for at least one of the preset points, increasing or decreasing the assisting torque associated therewith based on the first one of the plurality of gait tasks to generate a first assisting torque profile associated with the first one of the plurality of gait tasks such that the first assisting torque profile reduces the amount of metabolic energy expended by the user when performing the first one of the plurality of gait tasks,

setting the assisting torque provided from the walking assistance apparatus to the user based on the first assisting torque profile,

determining whether the user switches to a second one of the plurality of gait tasks based on a change in one or more of a hip-joint angle and a hip joint angular velocity of the body information, the second one of the plurality of gait tasks being a different one of the plurality of gait tasks from the first one of the plurality of gait tasks,

further adjusting the trajectory indicated in the initial assisting torque profile by, for at least one of the preset points, increasing or decreasing the assisting torque associated therewith based on the second one of the plurality of gait tasks to generate a second assisting torque profile associated with the second one of the plurality of gait tasks such that the second assisting torque profile reduces the amount of metabolic energy expended by the user when performing the second one of the plurality of gait tasks, and

setting the assisting torque provided from the walking assistance apparatus to the user based on the second assisting torque profile.

20. The walking assistance apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the body information indicates characteristics of one or more of joints, muscles and nerves of the user.

21. The walking assistance apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the controller is configured to generate the reference gait model by applying the body information associated with the user to a generic body model.

22. The walking assistance apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the controller is configured to determine the assistance torque based on the amount of metabolic energy expended by the user when the user walks.