Proppants for removal of contaminants from fluid streams and methods of using same
The invention relates to the proppants and proppant substrates treated with active compounds that reduce the presence of contaminants in fluids, methods of using those materials, as well as methods of making those materials. The invention further provides that the contaminated fluids are associated with wells, including oil and gas wells.
1. A method of reducing the level of contamination of a fluid, comprising: contacting the fluid containing the contaminant with a sorption composition comprising a proppant and an active compound incorporated into or onto the proppant, wherein the active compound is a sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of ferrous sulfide, ferric ammonium sulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, dimethyl disulfide, dithiocarbamates, aluminum sulfide, copper sulfate, copper sulfide, and copper sulfate ammoniated.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of an aqueous liquid, a gas, and an oil.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is predominantly aqueous.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fluid also contains hydrocarbons.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hydrocarbons are gaseous.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the hydrocarbons are liquid.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hydrocarbons are a mixture of oil and gas hydrocarbons.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is flow back water from a well treatment application.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is produced water from a rock formation.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is selected from the group consisting of arsenic, selenium, mercury, a d-block transition metal, a heavy metal, fluoride, fluoride compounds, cyanide, cyano compounds, inorganic salts, boron, radioactive compounds, and organic metallic compounds.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is a mixture of contaminants.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the mixture of contaminants contains at least one of the following contaminants: arsenic, selenium, mercury, a d-block transition metal, a heavy metal, fluoride, fluoride compounds, cyanide, cyano compounds, inorganic salts, boron, radioactive compounds, and organic metallic compounds.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is down hole within a rock formation that is being fractured.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is down hole within a rock formation that was previously fractured.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur content, as % S, is from 0.1 to 25 wt %.