Thermoplastic based sulphur nanocomposites
A thermoplastic sulfur-polymer composite comprises a thermoplastic polymer, such as polyethylene and polystyrene; and a sulfur element. Such sulfur element functions as passive sulfur filler in this composite. The thermoplastic polymer is a polymer matrix; and the sulfur filler is dispersed in the polymer matrix. There is no chemical reaction occurs after the addition of the sulfur filler into the host polymer and no chemical bond formed between the polymer and the sulfur filler. The thermoplastic sulfur-polymer composite can be a nanocomposite by either adding certain nanofillers into the composite or making the sulfur filler as sulfur nanoparticles. With its similar physical properties and lower manufacturing costs, the thermoplastic sulfur-polymer composites are good alternatives of the respective pure polymers.
1. A method for preparing a composite product, the method comprising:
melting and/or dissolving a thermoplastic polymer, wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises polyethylene or polypropylene;
adding elemental sulfur to the melted and/or dissolved thermoplastic polymer to form a sulfur-polymer composite under conditions effective that the elemental sulfur does not chemically react with the thermoplastic polymer; and
adding a solvent to the sulfur-polymer composite effective to dissolve the elemental sulfur from the formed sulfur-polymer composite to provide a porous polymer composite product.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises polyethylene.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene comprises low density polyethylene.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises polypropylene.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elemental sulfur is added in an amount effective to increase a Young's modulus value of the sulfur-polymer composite relative to a Young's modulus value of a polymer composite prepared from the thermoplastic polymer with no added elemental sulfur.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a nanoscale allotropic carbon filler, wherein said nanoscale allotropic carbon filler comprises at least one of carbon nanotubes, C60 buckyballs, carbon nanoplatelets, and graphene; and the composite product formed thereby is a nanocomposite.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elemental sulfur is in the form of nanoparticles.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elemental sulfur is in the form of polymeric sulfur, and the step of adding elemental sulfur to the melted and/or dissolved thermoplastic polymer comprises extruding the polymeric sulfur with the thermoplastic polymer.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising adding a nanofiller to the elemental polymeric sulfur at a temperature higher than a polymerization temperature of the sulfur, the nanofiller comprising nanoscale allotropes of carbon selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, C60 buckyballs, carbon nanoplatelets, and graphene.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the elemental sulfur is added in an amount effective to increase a Young's modulus value of the sulfur-polymer composite relative to a Young's modulus value of a polymer composite prepared from polyethylene with no added elemental sulfur.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elemental sulfur is included in a mass fraction percentage of no more than 20 percent.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises polyethylene, the elemental sulfur is included in a mass fraction percentage of no more than 20 percent, and the composite product has a Young's modulus value at least 5 percent higher than a Young's modulus value of a polymer composite prepared from polyethylene with no added sulfur.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elemental sulfur added to the thermoplastic polymer is in cyclic form, linear chain form, or combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises polypropylene, and the elemental sulfur is included in an amount effective to decrease gas diffusion through the composite product.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elemental sulfur added to the polymer is in the form of polymeric sulfur, and the method further comprises adding a nanofiller to the polymeric sulfur at a temperature higher than a polymerization temperature of the sulfur, wherein the nanofiller comprises nanoscale allotropes of carbon selected from at least one of carbon nanotubes, C60 buckyballs, carbon nanoplatelets, and graphene, and wherein the step of adding the elemental sulfur to the melted and/or dissolved thermoplastic polymer comprises extruding the polymeric sulfur with the thermoplastic polymer.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dissolving the elemental sulfur in a solvent to provide a first mixture, and wherein the step of melting and/or dissolving a thermoplastic polymer comprises dissolving the thermoplastic polymer in the solvent to provide a second mixture and the step of adding elemental sulfur to the melted and/or dissolved thermoplastic polymer comprises adding the first mixture to the second mixture to form a third mixture.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising removing the solvent from the third mixture.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of melting and/or dissolving a thermoplastic polymer comprises heating the thermoplastic polymer above its melting temperature, and the method further comprises extruding the sulfur-polymer composite.