Composition and method of making water soluble chitosan polymer and composite particles
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for water-soluble chitosan particles, methods of making water-soluble chitosan particles, and methods of using water-soluble chitosan particles. In an embodiment, the composition of water-soluble chitosan particles can be used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, biosensing, catalysis, and antimicrobial applications.
1. A composition comprising: a water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle, wherein the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle comprises an ionic complex of a composite of a bicarboxylic acid compound, a metal oxide having mixed valence states and a depolymerized chitosan, the depolymerized chitosan comprising chitosan oligomers, chitosan monomers, or a combination thereof wherein each chitosan component of the depolymerized chitosan has a molecular weight that is less than 50,000 Da.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the bicarboxylic acid compound is selected from the group consisting tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and a combination thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is bonded within the composite of the depolymerized chitosan and the bicarboxylic acid compound.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is is oxide of copper.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein copper in the metal oxide has an oxidation state of a combination of Cu(I), Cu(II).
6. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle has antimicrobial properties.
7. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the metal oxide is not separately water soluble, while the water soluble chitosan nanoparticle and the metal oxide combination is water soluble.
8. A method of making a composition, comprising:
mixing a chitosan polymer, a metal oxide having mixed valence states and a bicarboxylic acid compound, the chitosan polymer having a molecular weight of from about 50,000 Da to about 190,000 Da; and hydrothermal treating of the mixture to form a water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle, wherein the temperature utilized in the hydrothermal treatment is about 135 to 150° C., and the pressure of the hydrothermal treatment is greater than 1 atm and up to 5 atm, the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle comprises a composite of a bicarboxylic acid compound and a depolymerized chitosan, the depolymerized chitosan comprising chitosan oligomers, chitosan monomers, or a combination thereof, wherein each chitosan component of the depolymerized chitosan has a molecular weight that is less than 50,000 Da.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the bicarboxylic acid compound is selected from the group consisting of: tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the metal oxides are oxides of copper.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein copper is selected from a combination of Cu(I), Cu(II).
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the depolymerized chitosan and the bicarboxylic acid compound in the composite of the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle is from 2:1 to 2.5:1.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle is a hydrothermally-treated water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle, wherein the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle has a diameter of about 10 nm to about 100 nm.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle has a diameter of about 30 nm to about 50 nm.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the depolymerized chitosan of the water-soluble chitosan nanoparticle is defined by a cleavage at a glycoside linkage of a chitosan precursor, the cleavage at the glycoside linkage being confirmed by a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum.
16. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a metal oxide nanoparticle.
17. The method of claim 8 , wherein the mixing comprises mixing the chitosan polymer and the bicarboxylic acid compound in a weight proportion of about 0.8:1.2 to about 1.2:0.8.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the mixing further comprises mixing the chitosan polymer and the bicarboxylic acid compound in a weight proportion of about 1:1.
19. The method of claim 8 , wherein the pressure of the hydrothermal treatment is about 2.5 atm.