Anode materials for lithium ion batteries
An electrochemical device includes a composite material of general Formula (1-x)J-(x)Q wherein: J is a metal carbon alloy of formula Sn z Si z′ Met w Met′ w′ C t ; Q is a metal oxide of formula A γ M α M′ α′ O β ; and wherein: A is Li, Na, or K; M and M′ are individually Ge, Mo, Al, Ga, As, Sb, Te, Ti, Ta, Zr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Rt, Ru or Cd; Met and Met′ are individually Ge, Mo, Al, Ga, As, Sb, Te, Ti, Ta, Zr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Rt, Ru or Cd; 0<x<1; γ is 0, 1, or 2; 0<α≦1; 0≦α′≦1; β is 0.5, 1, 2, or 3; 0<t≦5; 1≦w≦5; 0<w′≦5; 1≦z≦5; and 0<z′≦5.
1. An electrochemical device comprising an anode comprising a composite material of general Formula (1-x)J-(x)Q wherein:
J is a metal carbon alloy of formula Sn z Si z′ Met w Met′ w′ C t ; and
Q is a metal oxide of formula A γ M α M′ α′ O β ;
wherein:
A is Li, Na, or K;
M and M′ are individually Ge, Mo, Al, Ga, As, Sb, Te, Ti, Ta, Zr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Rt, Ru or Cd;
Met and Met′ are individually Ge, Mo, Al, Ga, As, Sb, Te, Ti, Ta, Zr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Rt, Ru or Cd;
0<x<1;
γ is 0, 1, or 2;
0<α≦1;
0≦α′≦1;
β is 0.5, 1, 2, or 3;
0<t≦5;
1≦w≦5;
0≦w′≦5;
1≦z≦5; and
0≦z′≦5.
2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein Met and Met′ are individually Ge, Mo, Al, Ga, As, Sb, Te, Ta, Zr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Rt, Ru or Cd.
3. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein x is from 0.2 to 0.6.
4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein x is from 0.4 to 0.6.
5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein x is from 0.45 to 0.55.
6. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein x is 0.5.
7. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein A is Li.
8. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein γ is 0.
9. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein γ is 0 and α′ is 0.
10. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein Q is a metal oxide of formula M α O β , wherein β is 0.5, 1, 2, or 3; and M is Si, Ge, Sn, Cu, Ni, Mo, Al, Ga, As, Sb, Te, Ti, Ta, Zr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Rt, Ru or Cd.
11. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein Q is a metal oxide of formula M α O β , wherein β is 0.5, 1, 2, or 3; and M is Si, Ge, Sn, or Mo.
12. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein J is a metal carbon alloy of formula Sn z Met w C t ; wherein z is from 1 to 5; M is Co; w is from 1 to 5; and t is from 1 to 5.
13. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein Q is a metal oxide of formula M α O β , wherein β is 0.5, 1, 2, or 3; and M is Si, Ge, Sn, Cu, Ni, Mo, Al, Ga, As, Sb, Te, Ti, Ta, Zr, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Rt, Ru or Cd; and J is a metal carbon alloy of formula Sn z Met w C t ; wherein z is from 1 to 5; Met is Co; w is from 1 to 5; and t is from 1 to 5.
14. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein Q is a metal oxide of formula M α O β , wherein β is 0.5, 1, 2, or 3; and M is Si, Ge, Sn, or Mo; and J is a metal carbon alloy of formula Sn z Met w C t ; wherein z is from 1 to 5; Met is Co; w is from 1 to 5; and t is from 1 to 5.
15. The electrochemical device of claim 14 , wherein Q is SiO, carbon-coated SiO, SiO 2 , GeO 2 , SnO 2 , MoO 3 , carbon-coated SiO 2 , carbon-coated GeO 2 , carbon-coated SnO 2 , or carbon-coated MoO 3 ; and J is Sn 3 Co 3 C 4 .
16. The electrochemical device of claim 1 which is a lithium secondary battery, lithium air battery, lithium sulfur battery, lithium selenium battery, or lithium selenium-sulfur battery.
17. The electrochemical device of claim 1 which is a lithium secondary battery.