Engineered microorganisms having resistance to ionic liquids
The present invention provides for a method of genetically modifying microorganisms to enhance resistance to ionic liquids using a yeast Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS), or a Salmonella MFS SmvA Pump or SmvR Regulator, a Small Multidrug Resistance Family (SMR), or Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDR090C, polypeptide, host cells genetically modified in accordance with the methods, and methods of using the host cells in a reaction comprising biomass that has been pretreated with ionic liquids.
1. A culture medium comprising an ionic liquid and a recombinant microorganism, wherein the microorganism comprises a heterologous gene encoding a polypeptide operably linked to a promoter, wherein the polypeptide has at least 95% identity to one amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:1 and 21, and the expression of the polypeptide confers to the microorganism resistance to the concentration of the ionic liquid in the culture medium.
2. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide has at least 99% identity to one amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:1 and 21.
3. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide comprises at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO:21 and the polypeptide comprises a proline at a position corresponding to position 282 of SEQ ID NO:21, a leucine at a position corresponding to position 284 of SEQ ID NO:21, or both.
4. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the heterologous gene is operably linked to a tet repressor sequence.
5. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is a bacteria.
6. The culture medium of claim 5 , wherein the bacteria is Escherichia coli.
7. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is a yeast or filamentous fungi.
8. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the anion of the ionic liquid is Cl − or acetate.
9. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the heterologous gene encoding the polypeptide is on a vector or is integrated into the genome of the microorganism.
10. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the culture medium further comprises a biomass.
11. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein the culture medium comprises about 1% to about 20% of the ionic liquid.