Hemostatic devices with improved properties and methods of making same
Hemostatic devices and methods of making same are disclosed. Disclosed hemostatic devices include biocompatible non-oxidized regenerated cellulose. The disclosed hemostatic devices are effective in providing and maintaining hemostasis in cases of moderate to severe bleeding caused by non-compressional and/or non-tourniquetable injuries, among other things. The disclosed methods enable manufacture of a bioabsorbable, biocompatible, biodegradable carboxylmethyl cellulose having high stability and high adherence.
1. A hemostatic device, comprising:
non-oxidized, non-regenerated sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) having a level of carboxymethyl group substitution of about 0.88; wherein:
the non-oxidized, non-regenerated Na-CMC forms a hemodynamic gel when it contacts blood, wherein the Na-CMC is formed by a process comprising:
an alkali treatment comprising exposing non-oxidized, non-regenerated cellulose to a sodium hydroxide solution at a first temperature;
forming an acid solution comprising chloroacetic acid;
forming a saturated solution comprising the alkali-treated non-oxidized, non-regenerated cellulose, the sodium hydroxide solution, and the acid solution, wherein the saturated solution comprises sedimentary salt, and has a water to ethanol ratio up to about 22%;
dissolving the sedimentary salt by mixing the saturated solution at a second temperature of about 40° C. to about 60° C. for about four hours to about seven hours to form a solution for etherification, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature; and
forming the non-oxidized, non-regenerated Na-CMC in the saturated solution for about two to about twenty four hours at a temperature of about 40° C. to about 60° C., the saturated solution having a water to ethanol ratio up to about 22%.
2. The hemostatic device of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is room temperature and the second temperature is from about 40° C. to about 60° C.
3. The hemostatic device of claim 2 , wherein the saturated solution is mixed at a temperature of about 50° C.
4. The hemostatic device of claim 1 , wherein the saturated solution is mixed for about four hours.