RF waveguide phase-directed power combiners
High power RF phase-directed power combiners include magic H hybrid and/or superhybrid circuits oriented in orthogonal H-planes and connected using E-plane bends and/or twists to produce compact 3D waveguide circuits, including 8×8 and 16×16 combiners. Using phase control at the input ports, RF power can be directed to a single output port, enabling fast switching between output ports for applications such as multi-angle radiation therapy.
1. An 8 input×8 output high power phase-directed RF power combiner comprising:
a first 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrid waveguide circuit;
a second 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrid waveguide circuit;
wherein each of the first and the second cross potent superhybrids is an equivalent of four hybrids radially arranged and merged, with waveguides all in a common plane (the H-plane);
wherein the first 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrid and the second 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrid are in a first set of parallel planes;
a first RF waveguide circuit, wherein the first RF waveguide circuit comprises a first pair of magic H 2×2 H-plane waveguide hybrids;
a second RF waveguide circuit, wherein the second RF waveguide circuit comprises a second pair of magic H 2×2 H-plane waveguide hybrids; and
wherein the first RF waveguide circuit and the second RF waveguide circuit are in a second set of parallel planes orthogonal to the first set of parallel planes;
eight E-plane waveguide bends, wherein a first four of the eight E-plane bends connect the first 4×4 cross potent superhybrid to each hybrid in the first RF waveguide circuit and to each hybrid in the second RF waveguide circuit, and wherein a second four of the eight E-plane bends connect the second 4×4 cross potent superhybrid RF waveguide to each hybrid in the first RF waveguide circuit and to each hybrid in the second RF waveguide circuit.
2. A 16 input×16 output high power RF phase-directed power combiner comprising:
a first pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids;
a second pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids;
wherein the first pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids and the second pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids are stacked in a first set of parallel planes;
a third pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids;
a fourth pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids;
wherein the third pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids and the fourth pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids are stacked in a second set of parallel planes orthogonal to the first set of parallel planes;
sixteen waveguide bends, wherein a first eight of the sixteen waveguide bends connect the first pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids to the third pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids and to the fourth pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids, and wherein a second eight of the sixteen waveguide bends connect the second pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids to the third pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids and to the fourth pair of 4×4 (8-port) cross potent superhybrids.
3. A 4 input×4 output high power phase-directed RF power combiner comprising:
a first set of two 2×2 waveguide hybrids stacked in a first set of two distinct parallel planes;
a second set of two 2×2 waveguide hybrids stacked in a second set of two distinct parallel planes orthogonal to the first set of two parallel planes;
a set of four waveguide twists connecting four output ports of the first set of two 2×2 hybrid waveguides to four input ports of the second set of two 2×2 waveguide hybrids, wherein the four waveguide twists are rotational twists around a longitudinal waveguide axis.
4. The 4 input×4 output high power phase-directed RF power combiner of claim 3 , wherein the first set of two 2×2 waveguide hybrids and the second set of two 2×2 waveguide hybrids are magic H hybrids.
5. The 4 input×4 output high power phase-directed RF power combiner of claim 3 , wherein each of the waveguide twists comprises simply orthogonal end segments connected with edges rounded by a 45° segment, where a length of the 45° segment is selected such that discontinuity mismatches cancel at a design frequency.
6. A 16 input×16 output high power phase-directed RF power combiner comprising:
a first set of four 4×4 phase directed combining circuits stacked in a first set of distinct parallel planes;
a second set of four 4×4 phase directed combining circuits stacked in a second set of distinct parallel planes orthogonal to the first set of distinct parallel planes;
a set of 16 waveguide twists connecting 16 output ports of the first stack to 16 input ports of the second stack, wherein the 16 waveguide twists are rotational twists around a longitudinal waveguide axis;
wherein each of the four 4×4 phase directed combining circuits in the first and second sets of four 4×4 phase directed combining circuits is composed of four hybrids joined by a magic H passthrough.
7. The 16 input×16 output high power phase-directed RF power combiner of claim 6 wherein the four hybrids joined by a passthrough comprise four 3-dB hybrids arranged parallel in a 2×2 pattern in a single plane, with a 0 dB coupler located at a center of the pattern in the same plane.
8. The 16 input×16 output high power phase-directed RF power combiner of claim 6 , wherein each of the 16 waveguide twists comprises simply orthogonal end segments connected with edges rounded by a 45° segment, where a length of the 45° segment is selected such that discontinuity mismatches cancel at a design frequency.