SWEET FLAVOR MODIFIER

1 . A compound having a structural Formula (II) or (II′),

or a tautomer, salt, and/or solvate thereof, wherein:

A is —OR 1 , —NR 1 C(O)R 2 , —NHOR 1 , —NR 1 R 2 , —NR 1 CO 2 R 2 , —NR 1 C(O)NR 2 R 3 , —NR 1 C(S)NR 2 R 3 or —NR 1 C(═NH)NR 2 R 3 ;

B is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, acyl, substituted acyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted heteroarylalkyl, —CN, —OR 4 , —S(O) a R 4 , —NR 4 R 5 , —C(O)NR 4 R 5 , —CO 2 R 4 , —NR 4 CO 2 R 5 , —NR 4 C(O)NR 5 R 6 , —NR 4 C(S)NR 5 R 6 , —NR 4 C(═NH)NR 5 R 6 , —SO 2 NR 4 R 5 , —NR 4 SO 2 R 5 , —NR 4 SO 2 NR 5 R 6 , —B(OR 4 )(OR 5 ), —P(O)(OR 4 )(OR 5 ), or —P(O)(R 4 )(OR 5 );

C is —OR 7 , —S(O) b R 7 , SO 3 R 7 , —C(O)NR 7 R 8 , —CO 2 R 7 , —NR 7 CO 2 R 8 , —NR 7 C(O)NR 8 R 9 , —NR 7 C(═NH)NR 8 R 9 , —SO 2 NR 7 R 8 , —NR 7 SO 2 R 8 , —NR 7 SO 2 NR 8 R 9 , —B(OR 7 )(OR 8 ), —P(O)(OR 7 )(OR 8 ), —P(O)(R 7 )(OR 8 ), or heteroaryl;

Y forms a single bond with either W or Z and a double bond with the other of W or Z;

W is —C(R 10 )—, —S—, —N—, —N(R 11 )—, or —O—;

Y is —C(R 12 )— or —N—;

Z is —C(R 13 )—, —S—, —N—, —N(R 14 )—, or —O—;

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, acyl, substituted acyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl or substituted heteroarylalkyl; or alternatively, R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , R 5 and R 6 , R 7 and R 8 , or R 8 and R 9 , together with the atoms to which they are bonded, form a cycloheteroalkyl or substituted cycloheteroalkyl ring.

R 10 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, acyl, substituted acyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted heteroarylalkyl, halo, —CN, —OR 15 , —S(O) c R 15 , —NR 15 R 16 , —C(O)NR 15 R 16 , —CO 2 R 15 , —SO 2 NR 15 R 16 , —NR 15 SO 2 R 16 , —P(O)(OR 15 )(OR 16 ) or —P(O)(R 15 )(OR 16 );

R 12 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, acyl, substituted acyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted heteroarylalkyl, halo, —CN, —OR 17 , —S(O) d R 17 , —OC(O)R 17 , —NR 17 R 18 , —C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —CO 2 R 17 , —SO 2 NR 17 R 18 , —NR 17 SO 2 R 18 , —P(O)(OR 17 )(OR 18 ) or —P(O)(R 17 )(OR 18 );

R 13 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, acyl, substituted acyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted heteroarylalkyl, halo, —CN, —OR 19 , —S(O) e R 19 , —OC(O)R 19 , —NR 19 R 20 , —C(O)NR 19 R 20 , C(O)R 19 , —CO 2 R 19 , —SO 2 NR 19 R 20 , —NR 19 SO 2 R 20 , —P(O)(OR 19 )(OR 20 ) or —P(O)(R 19 )(OR 20 ); or alternatively R 10 and R 12 , or R 12 and R 13 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl or substituted cycloheteroalkyl ring;

a, b, c, d and e are independently 0, 1, or 2;

R 11 and R 14 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, acyl, substituted acyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl or substituted heteroarylalkyl; and

R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , and R 20 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, acyl, substituted acyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl or substituted heteroarylalkyl; or alternatively R 15 and R 16 , R 17 and R 18 , or R 19 and R 20 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a cycloheteroalkyl or substituted cycloheteroalkyl ring; and

with the following provisos:

(a) when W is —O— or —S— or —NR 11 —, then Z is —C(R 13 )— or —N—;

(b) when Z is —O— or —S— or —NR 14 —, then W is —C(R 10 )— or —N—; and

(c) when W is —C(R 10 )— or —N—, then Z cannot be —C(R 13 )— or —N—.

2 . The compound of claim 1 having a structural Formula (IIa) or (IIa′),

or a tautomer, salt, and/or solvate, wherein,

W is —C(R 10 )—, or —N—;

Y is —C(R 12 )— or —N—; and

Z is —S—, —N(R 14 )—, or —O—.

3 . The compound of claim 1 having a structural Formula (IIb) or (IIb′),

or a tautomer, salt, and/or solvate, wherein,

W is —S—, —N(R 11 )—, or —O—;

Y is —C(R 12 )— or —N—; and

Z is —C(R 13 )—, or —N—.

4 . The compound of claim 3 having the structure

or a tautomer, salt and/or solvate thereof.

5 . An ingestible composition comprising

a compound of claim 1 ; and

an ingestibly acceptable excipient.

6 . The ingestible composition of claim 5 , further comprising one or more sweeteners.

7 . The ingestible composition of claim 6 , wherein the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, mannose, lactose, tagatose, maltose, corn syrup (including high fructose corm syrup), D-tryptophan, glycine, erythritol, isomalt, lactitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltodextrin, maltitol, isomalt, hydrogenated glucose syrup (HGS), hydrogenated starch hydrolyzate (HSH), stevioside, rebaudioside A, other sweet Stevia-based glycosides, carrelame, other guanidine-based sweeteners, saccharin, acesulfame-K, cyclamate, sucralose, alitame, mogroside, neotame, aspartame, other aspartame derivatives, and combinations thereof.

8 . The ingestible composition of claim 5 , which has an increased sweet taste as compared to the ingestible composition not containing the compound of claim 1 , as judged by a majority of a panel of at least eight human taste testers.

9 . The ingestible composition of claim 5 , which is in form of a food or beverage product, a pharmaceutical composition, a nutritional product, a dietary supplement, over-the-counter medication, or oral care product.

10 . The ingestible composition of claim 9 , wherein the food or beverage product is for human or animal consumption.

11 . The ingestible composition of claim 5 , wherein the food or beverage product is selected from the group consisting of the Soup category; the Dried Processed Food category; the Beverage category; the Ready Meal category; the Canned or Preserved Food category; the Frozen Processed Food category; the Chilled Processed Food category; the Snack Food category; the Baked Goods category; the Confectionary category; the Dairy Product category; the Ice Cream category; the Meal Replacement category; the Pasta and Noodle category; the Sauces, Dressings, Condiments category; the Baby Food category; the Spreads category; sweet coatings, frostings, or glazes; and combinations thereof.

12 . A method of enhancing the sweet taste of an ingestible composition comprising contacting the ingestible composition thereof with a compound of claim 1 to form a modified ingestible composition.

13 . A sweet enhancing composition, comprising a compound of claim 1 in an amount effective to provide sweetening in combination with a first amount of sweetener, wherein the sweetening is more than the sweetening provided by the first amount of sweetener without the compound.

14 . An ingestible composition comprising the sweet enhancing composition of claim 13 .

15 . The ingestible composition of claim 14 , which is in form of a food or beverage product, a pharmaceutical composition, a nutritional product, a dietary supplement, over-the-counter medication, or oral care product.

16 . A flavoring concentrate formulation comprising

i) as flavor modifying ingredient, a compound of claim 1 ;

ii) a carrier; and

iii) optionally at least one adjuvant.

17 . The flavoring concentrate formulation of claim 16 , wherein the at least one adjuvant comprises one or more flavoring agents.

18 . The flavoring concentrate formulation of claim 16 , wherein the at least one adjuvant comprises one or more sweeteners.

19 . The flavoring concentrate formulation of claim 16 , wherein the at least one adjuvant comprises one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of a emulsifier, a stabilizer, an antimicrobial preservative, an antioxidant, vitamins, minerals, fats, starches, protein concentrates and isolates, salts, a freezing point depressant, nucleating agent, and combinations thereof.

20 . The flavoring concentrate formulation of claim 16 , which is in a form selected from the group consisting of liquid, solid, semi-solid, foamy material, paste, gel, cream, lotion, and combinations thereof.

21 . The flavoring concentrate formulation of claim 16 , wherein the compound of claim 1 is in a concentration that is at least 2 times of the concentration in a ready-to-use composition.