Microscale stamp with reversible adhesion for transfer printing

1. A microscale stamp for transfer printing, the microscale stamp comprising:

a stamp body comprising a shape memory polymer having a glass transition temperature (T g ), the shape memory polymer comprising a deformable state at temperatures above T g and a rigid state at temperatures below T g ; and

one or more protruding structures attached to a surface of the stamp body, the one or more protruding structures comprising a material different from the shape memory polymer and having a Young's modulus greater than a storage modulus of the shape memory polymer.

2. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , wherein, when the shape memory polymer is in the rigid state, the microscale stamp comprises an adhesion capacity of at least about 0.1 MPa.

3. The microscale stamp of claim 2 , wherein the adhesion capacity is at least about 1 MPa.

4. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , wherein the shape memory polymer comprises epoxy, polyurethane, and/or (poly)ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA).

5. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , wherein the T g is from about 0° C. to about 300° C.

6. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the stamp body comprises an area of from about 1 square micron to about 1 square millimeter.

7. The microscale stamp of claim 6 , wherein, when in contact with an object to be transfer printed, the one or more protruding structures have a total contact area with the object of no more than about 25% of the area of the surface of the stamp body.

8. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , wherein the one or more protruding structures each comprise an average linear size of from about 100 nm to about 50 microns.

9. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , wherein the one or more protruding structures comprise a shape selected from the group consisting of: spherical, pyramidal and irregular.

10. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , wherein the material of the one or more protruding structures is selected from the group consisting of: alumina, silica, zirconia, yttria, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, and stainless steel.

11. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , further comprising a resistive heating element attached to the stamp body.

12. The microscale stamp of claim 11 , wherein the resistive heating element comprises a transparent conductive oxide, a metal or metal alloy, and/or a conductive polymer composite.

13. The microscale stamp of claim 12 , wherein the resistive heating element comprises the conductive polymer composite, and wherein the conductive polymer composite comprises the shape memory polymer with carbon particles dispersed therein.

14. The microscale stamp of claim 11 , wherein the resistive heating element comprises an electrically conductive thin film having thickness of from about 100 nm to about 500 nm.

15. The microscale stamp of claim 11 , wherein the resistive heating element spans an area of from about 1 square micron to about 10 square millimeters.

16. The microscale stamp of claim 1 , wherein the T g of the shape memory polymer is above room temperature.

17. A microscale stamp for transfer printing, the microscale stamp consisting of:

a stamp body consisting of a shape memory polymer having a glass transition temperature (T g ), the shape memory polymer comprising a deformable state at temperatures above T g and a rigid state at temperatures below T g ; and

a resistive heating element attached to or embedded in the stamp body for localized heating of the shape memory polymer, the resistive heating element comprising a transparent conductive oxide and/or a conductive polymer composite.

18. The microscale stamp of claim 17 , wherein, when the shape memory polymer is in the rigid state, the device comprises an adhesion capacity of at least about 0.1 MPa.

19. The microscale stamp of claim 17 , wherein the resistive heating element comprises the transparent conductive oxide, and wherein the transparent conductive oxide comprises indium-tin oxide (ITO).

20. The microscale stamp of claim 17 , wherein the resistive heating element comprises the conductive polymer composite, and wherein the conductive polymer composite comprises the shape memory polymer with carbon particles dispersed therein.

21. The microscale stamp of claim 17 , wherein the resistive heating element comprises an electrically conductive thin film comprising thickness of from about 100 nm to about 500 nm.

22. The microscale stamp of claim 17 , wherein the resistive heating element spans an area of from about 1 square micron to about 10 square millimeters.

23. The microscale stamp of claim 17 , wherein the T g of the shape memory polymer is above room temperature.

24. A microscale stamp for transfer printing, the microscale stamp consisting of:

a stamp body consisting of a shape memory polymer having a glass transition temperature (T g ), the shape memory polymer comprising a deformable state at temperatures above T g and a rigid state at temperatures below T g ; and

a resistive heating element attached to or embedded in the stamp body for localized heating of the shape memory polymer, the resistive heating element comprising an electrically conductive thin film.

25. The microscale stamp of claim 24 , wherein the electrically conductive thin film has a thickness of from about 100 nm to about 500 nm.

26. The microscale stamp of claim 24 , wherein the electrically conductive thin film is a patterned electrically conductive thin film having a particular geometry.

27. The microscale stamp of claim 24 , wherein the electrically conductive thin film comprises a metal or metal alloy or a conductive oxide.