Laser-markable insulation material for wire or cable assemblies
The present disclosure is directed to laser-markable insulation material and cable or wire assemblies containing such insulation material. In certain embodiments, the laser-markable insulation material can include a fluoropolymer and an inorganic laser-markable pigment. The pigment can have a mean crystal size in a range of about 0.4 microns to about 2 microns and/or a median particle size (d 50 ) in a range of about 0.45 microns to about 2 microns. The insulation material can exhibit improved initial and heat-aged contrast ratios without diminishing the ability of a cable or wire containing the insulation material to meet industry standards for electric-arc tracking and propagation resistance.
1. A laser-markable insulation material comprising:
a fluoropolymer; and
an inorganic laser-markable pigment having a mean crystal size of at least 0.5 microns and not greater than 1 microns and a median particle size (d 50 ) of greater than 0.5 microns and not greater than 1.1 microns.
2. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic laser-markable pigment has a ratio of average particle size to average crystal size not greater than 2:1.
3. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the insulation material has an initial contrast ratio of at least 55% as measured according to Contrast Ratio Sample Test Construction 1 ; and a heat-aged contrast ratio of at least 42% after aging for 168 hours at a temperature in the range of 290 degrees Celsius to 310 degrees Celsius as measured according to Contrast Ratio Sample Test Construction 1 .
4. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 3 , wherein an insulated wire containing the laser-markable insulation material is resistant to wet electric-arc tracking and propagation and dry electric-arc tracking and propagation.
5. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises a perfluoropolymer.
6. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), non-melt-processable modified PTFE, perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA); ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE); polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP); polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); amorphous fluoropolymer (AF); or ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE).
7. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises homopolymer PTFE.
8. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the polymer material comprises a fluorinated copolymer.
9. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment consists essentially of an inorganic laser-markable pigment.
10. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment is present in the insulation material in a concentration of at least 0.5 pph and not greater than 4.0 pph.
11. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment comprises a metal oxide comprising TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , NiO, V 2 O 5 , Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, CdO, Tl 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , WO 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , ZrO, or ZnO 2 .
12. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment comprises a non-metal-oxide.
13. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable pigment has a ratio of particle size to crystal size not greater than 1.4:1.
14. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the laser-markable particles are essentially free of a coating that degrades at the sintering temperature of the fluoropolymer.
15. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the insulation material has an average (nominal) thickness of at least 0.0005 inches and not greater than 0.004 inches.
16. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the insulation material has an initial contrast ratio of at least 60%, as measured according to Contrast Ratio Sample Test Construction 1 .
17. The laser-markable insulation material of claim 1 , wherein the insulation material has a heat-aged contrast ratio after aging for 168 hours at a temperature in the range of 290 degrees Celsius to 310 degrees Celsius of at least 42% as measured according to Contrast Ratio Sample Test Construction 1 .
18. A subcomponent of a wire or cable assembly comprising the insulation material of claim 1 .