Optical transmitter and method for controlling bias of optical modulator
An optical transmitter includes: a mapper that generates an electric field information signal from transmission data; a phase rotation circuit that adds a phase rotation to the electric field information signal; a driver that generates a driving signal from the electric field information signal to which the phase rotation is added; a modulator that generates a modulated optical signal according to the driving signal; and a controller that controls a bias of the modulator according to a change in a carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal corresponding to the phase rotation that is added to the electric field information signal by the phase rotation circuit.
1. An optical transmitter comprising:
a mapper that generates an electric field information signal from transmission data;
a phase rotation circuit that adds a phase rotation to the electric field information signal;
a driver that generates a driving signal from the electric field information signal to which the phase rotation is added;
a modulator that generates a modulated optical signal according to the driving signal;
a detector that detects a carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal; and
a controller that controls a bias of the modulator according to a change in the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal, the carrier frequency being detected by the detector, and the change in the carrier frequency corresponding to the phase rotation that is added to the electric field information signal by the phase rotation circuit.
2. The optical transmitter according to claim 1 , wherein
the phase rotation circuit adds, to the electric field information signal, a phase rotation corresponding to an FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) signal that indicates a specified data pattern so as to superimpose the FSK signal on the driving signal,
the detector monitors the change in the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal and detects the FSK signal superimposed on the modulated optical signal, and
the controller changes the bias of the modulator when the FSK signal detected from the modulated optical signal is inverted with respect to the FSK signal superimposed on the driving signal.
3. The optical transmitter according to claim 2 , wherein
the modulator is a Mach-Zehnder modulator that includes a first-arm modulator and a second-arm modulator, and
when the FSK signal detected from the modulated optical signal is inverted with respect to the FSK signal superimposed on the driving signal, the controller controls a bias voltage of the first-arm modulator to shift an operation point of the first-arm modulator so as to match a next null point.
4. The optical transmitter according to claim 2 , wherein
the modulator is a Mach-Zehnder modulator that includes a first-arm modulator, a second-arm modulator, and
a phase shifter that gives a specified phase difference between the first-arm modulator and the second-arm modulator, and when the FSK signal detected from the modulated optical signal is inverted with respect to the FSK signal superimposed on the driving signal, the controller controls a bias voltage of the phase shifter to change the phase difference between the first-arm modulator and the second-arm modulator by π.
5. The optical transmitter according to claim 2 , wherein the detector generates electric field information of the modulated optical signal by coherent detection, monitors the change in the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal by using the electric field information, and detects the FSK signal superimposed on the modulated optical signal.
6. The optical transmitter according to claim 2 , wherein the detector detects the FSK signal superimposed on the modulated optical signal by using an optical band-pass filter.
7. The optical transmitter according to claim 1 , wherein
the phase rotation circuit adds a phase rotation to the electric field information signal such that the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal generated by the modulator is shifted in a specified direction,
the detector detects the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal, and
the controller changes the bias of the modulator when the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal is shifted in a direction reverse to the specified direction.
8. An optical transmitter comprising:
a mapper that generates an electric field information signal from transmission data;
a phase rotation circuit that adds a phase rotation to the electric field information signal;
a driver that generates a driving signal from the electric field information signal to which the phase rotation is added;
a modulator that generates a modulated optical signal according to the driving signal; and
a controller that controls a bias of the modulator according to a change in a carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal corresponding to the phase rotation that is added to the electric field information signal by the phase rotation circuit, wherein
the change in the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal is detected in an optical receiver that receives the modulated optical signal.
9. An optical transmitter comprising:
a mapper that generates an electric field information signal from transmission data;
a phase rotation circuit that adds a phase rotation to the electric field information signal;
a driver that generates a driving signal from the electric field information signal to which the phase rotation is added;
a modulator that generates a modulated optical signal according to the driving signal; and
a controller that controls the electric field information signal according to a carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal, wherein
the electric field information signal indicates an in-phase component and a quadrature component of the modulated optical signal, and when a direction of a change in the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal that is caused by the phase rotation added to the electric field information signal is reverse to a direction that corresponds to a direction of the phase rotation added to the electric field information signal, the controller inverts a sign of one of the in-phase component or the quadrature component of the modulated optical signal.
10. An optical transmitter comprising:
a mapper that generates a first electric field information signal and a second electric field information signal;
a phase rotation circuit that adds a phase rotation to the first electric field information signal and the second electric field information signal;
a driver that generates a first driving signal and a second driving signal from the first electric field information signal and the second electric field information signal to which the phase rotation is added;
a light source that generates continuous wave light;
a first modulator that modulates the continuous wave light with the first driving signal to generate a first modulated optical signal;
a second modulator that modulates the continuous wave light with the second driving signal to generate a second modulated optical signal;
a polarization beam combiner that combines the first modulated optical signal and the second modulated optical signal to generate a polarization multiplexed optical signal;
a controller that sets an operation point of the first modulator and an operation point of the second modulator so as to match the same null point in accordance with a change in a carrier frequency of the first modulated optical signal included in the polarization multiplexed optical signal and a change in a carrier frequency of the second modulated optical signal included in the polarization multiplexed optical signal;
an optical coupler that combines the polarization multiplexed optical signal and the continuous wave light; and
a detector that detects frequencies of the first modulated optical signal and the second modulated optical signal in accordance with an intensity of output light of the optical coupler, wherein
when the phase rotation circuit multiplies the first electric field information signal by a first function for alternately adding a phase rotation of zero and a phase rotation of π/2 at specified time intervals and a second function for adding a phase rotation that corresponds to a specified carrier frequency shift, the detector detects a shift in the carrier frequency of the first modulated optical signal with respect to a frequency of the continuous wave light in accordance with the intensity of the output light of the optical coupler when the phase rotation according to the first function is zero and in accordance with the intensity of the output light of the optical coupler when the phase rotation according to the first function is π/2,
when the phase rotation circuit multiplies the second electric field information signal by the first function and the second function, the detector detects a shift in the carrier frequency of the second modulated optical signal with respect to the frequency of the continuous wave light in accordance with the intensity of the output light of the optical coupler when the phase rotation according to the first function is zero and in accordance with the intensity of the output light of the optical coupler when the phase rotation according to the first function is π/2, and
the controller controls a bias of the first modulator in accordance with a direction of the shift in the carrier frequency of the first modulated optical signal, and controls a bias of the second modulator in accordance with a direction of the shift in the carrier frequency of the second modulated optical signal.
11. An optical transmitter comprising:
a mapper that generates a first electric field information signal and a second electric field information signal;
a phase rotation circuit that adds a phase rotation to the first electric field information signal and the second electric field information signal;
a driver that generates a first driving signal and a second driving signal from the first electric field information signal and the second electric field information signal to which the phase rotation is added;
a light source that generates continuous wave light;
a first modulator that modulates the continuous wave light with the first driving signal to generate a first modulated optical signal;
a second modulator that modulates the continuous wave light with the second driving signal to generate a second modulated optical signal;
a polarization beam combiner that combines the first modulated optical signal and the second modulated optical signal to generate a polarization multiplexed optical signal;
a controller that sets an operation point of the first modulator and an operation point of the second modulator so as to match the same null point in accordance with a change in a carrier frequency of the first modulated optical signal included in the polarization multiplexed optical signal and a change in a carrier frequency of the second modulated optical signal included in the polarization multiplexed optical signal;
a polarizer that is configured to have 45 degrees with respect to two polarizations of the polarization multiplexed optical signal; and
a detector that detects frequencies of the first modulated optical signal and the second modulated optical signal in accordance with an intensity of output light of the polarizer, wherein
when the phase rotation circuit multiplies the second electric field information signal by a first function for alternately adding a phase rotation of zero and a phase rotation of π/2 at specified time intervals, and multiplies the first electric field information signal by a second function for adding a phase rotation that corresponds to a specified carrier frequency shift, the detector detects a shift in the carrier frequency of the first modulated optical signal with respect to a frequency of the continuous wave light in accordance with the intensity of the output light of the polarizer when the phase rotation according to the first function is zero and in accordance with the intensity of the output light of the polarizer when the phase rotation according to the first function is π/2,
when the phase rotation circuit multiplies the first electric field information signal by the first function, and multiplies the second electric field information signal by the second function, the detector detects a shift in the carrier frequency of the second modulated optical signal with respect to the frequency of the continuous wave light in accordance with the intensity of the output light of the polarizer when the phase rotation according to the first function is zero and in accordance with the intensity of the output light of the polarizer when the phase rotation according to the first function is π/2, and
the controller controls a bias of the first modulator in accordance with a direction of the shift in the carrier frequency of the first modulated optical signal, and controls a bias of the second modulator in accordance with a direction of the shift in the carrier frequency of the second modulated optical signal.
12. A bias control method comprising:
generating an electric field information signal from transmission data;
adding a phase rotation to the electric field information signal;
generating a driving signal from the electric field information signal to which the phase rotation is added;
generating a modulated optical signal in accordance with the driving signal by using a modulator; and
controlling a bias of the modulator in accordance with a change in a carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal corresponding to the phase rotation added to the electric field information signal, wherein
in the adding, a phase rotation corresponding to an FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) signal that indicates a specified data pattern is added to the electric field information signal so as to superimpose the FSK signal on the driving signal,
the change in the carrier frequency of the modulated optical signal is monitored and the FSK signal superimposed on the modulated optical signal is detected, and
in the controlling, the bias of the modulator is changed when the FSK signal detected from the modulated optical signal is inverted with respect to the FSK signal superimposed on the driving signal.