Wearable device electrocardiogram
Provided are a method and systems for measuring an electrocardiogram (ECG) using a wearable device. An example system includes the wearable device in a shape of a band worn on a limb (e.g., a wrist) of a patient. The wearable device includes an electrical sensor. The wearable device is operable to record, via the at least one electrical sensor, an electrical signal from the limb of the patient. The wearable device is operable to split the electrical signal into segments based on a reference signal. The reference signal includes an indication of onset times of heart beats. The segments are averaged to derive average ECG data of low signal-to-noise ratio. The wearable device includes an optical sensor operable to measure skin color beneath a pulsating artery of the limb. The reference signal includes a photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal recorded via the optical sensor simultaneously with the electrical signal.
1. A method for extracting an average ECG waveform, the method comprising:
recording, via at least a first input plate and a second input plate of at least one electrical sensor associated with a wearable device, an electrical signal from a single wrist of a patient, the electrical signal including an ECG component and a noise component, wherein the first input plate and the second input plate are placed in contact with opposite sides of the single wrist of the patient;
detecting a pulse of the patient and recording a photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal, via a PPG optical sensor associated with the wearable device, the electrical signal and the PPG signal being simultaneously measured at the single wrist of the patient;
generating, by a processor from the recorded electrical signal, electrical signal segments of the recorded electrical signal, the electrical signal segments being time-locked to the PPG signal by utilising the PPG signal as a reference signal; and
summing the electrical signal segments in a given time period and dividing by a number of segments to produce an average ECG waveform based on a subset of the electrical signal segments, resulting in a reduction of an uncorrelated noise component of the electrical signal and an extraction of the average ECG waveform from the electrical signal during the time period.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PPG optical sensor is further operable to measure a color of a skin above a pulsating artery of the single wrist.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reference signal is recorded via the PPG optical sensor simultaneously with the electrical signal.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reference signal is a first derivative of the PPG signal recorded via the PPG optical sensor simultaneously with the electrical signal.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processor is used to detect changes in the average ECG waveform over time.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrical sensor includes a first input plate configured to be located on an inner side of the wrist and a second input plate configured to be located on an outer side of the single wrist.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processor is part of the wearable device.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wearable device is carried out in a shape of one of the following: a wristband, a watch, and a bracelet configured to be worn on the wrist.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
analyzing, by the processor, the average ECG waveforms derived over a period of time to determine trends in parameters of the average ECG waveforms, wherein the period of time includes a pre-determined number of one or more of the following: weeks, months, and years;
determining, by the processor and based at least on the trends, at least one possible symptom or a probable progression of at least one chronic heart disease; and
providing at least one of a report and a warning message regarding the at least one possible symptom or the probable progression.
10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having embodied thereon instructions, which when executed by a processor within a wearable device, perform steps of a method, the method comprising:
recording, via at least a first input plate of at least one electrical sensor configured to be located at an inner side of a wrist and a second input plate of at least one electrical sensor configured to be located at an outer side of the wrist, the first input plate and the second input plate coupled with a wearable device, an electrical signal from a single wrist of a patient, the electrical signal including an electrocardiogram ECG component and a noise component, wherein the first input plate and the second input plate are placed in contact with opposite sides of the single wrist of the patient;
detecting a pulse of the patient and recording a photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal, via a PPG optical sensor associated with the wearable device, the electrical signal and the PPG signal being simultaneously measured at the single wrist of the patient;
generating, from the recorded electrical signal, electrical signal segments of the electrical signal, the electrical signal segments being time-locked to the PPG signal by utilising the PPG signal as a reference signal; and
summing the electrical signal segments in a given time period and dividing by a number of segments to produce an average ECG waveform based on a subset of the electrical signal segments, resulting in a reduction of an uncorrelated noise component of the electrical signal and an extraction of the average ECG waveform from the electrical signal during the time period.
11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10 , wherein the PPG optical sensor is further operable to measure a color of a skin above a pulsating artery of the single wrist.
12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 , wherein the reference signal is recorded via the PPG optical sensor simultaneously with the electrical signal.
13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11 , wherein the reference signal is a first derivative of the PPG signal recorded via the PPG optical sensor simultaneously with the electrical signal.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10 , wherein the processor is used to detect changes in the average ECG waveform over time.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10 , wherein the wearable device is carried out in a shape of one of the following: a wristband, a watch, and a bracelet configured to be worn on the wrist.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10 , the method further comprising:
analyzing, by the processor, the average ECG waveforms derived over a period of time to determine trends in parameters of the average ECG waveforms, wherein the period of time includes a pre-determined number of one or more of the following: weeks, months, and years;
determining, by the processor and based at least on the trends, at least one possible symptom or a probable progression of at least one chronic heart disease; and
providing at least one of a report and a warning message regarding the at least one possible symptom or the probable progression.