Catalyst and methods for producing multi-wall carbon nanotubes
The present invention provides a catalyst precursor and a catalyst suitable for preparing multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The resulting multi-wall carbon nanotubes have a narrow distribution as to the number of walls forming the tubes and a narrow distribution in the range of diameters for the tubes. Additionally, the present invention provides methods for producing multi-wall carbon nanotubes having narrow distributions in the number of walls and diameters. Further, the present invention provides a composition of spent catalyst carrying multi-wall nanotubes having narrow distribution ranges of walls and diameters.
1. A catalyst precursor composition comprising:
a support comprising magnesium aluminate and alumina with the magnesium aluminate incorporated into the crystalline structure of alumina;
magnesium oxide located on the surface of said support; and
mixed metal oxides on a surface of the support, wherein the mixed metal oxides include CoxFeyMoO4, wherein x is from about 2.44 to about 4.88 and y is from about 1.75 to 6.98.
2. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxides include Co 3.3 Fe 2.62 MoO 4 .
3. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of Co 3.3 Fe y MoO 4 and blends thereof, where y ranges from about 2.6 to about 6.3.
4. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 1 , wherein the support comprises alumina and the magnesium aluminate is incorporated into the outer layer of the crystalline structure of the alumina.
5. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 1 , wherein the alumina is gamma-alumina.
6. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratio of magnesium oxide to alumina is between about 0.02 and about 0.04.
7. A catalyst precursor composition comprising:
a support comprising magnesium aluminate and alumina with the magnesium aluminate incorporated into the crystalline structure of alumina;
alumina and a magnesium compound and magnesium oxide present on the surface of the support; and
the surface of the support also carrying mixed metal oxides, wherein the mixed metal oxides contain two or more metal components and the metal components of the mixed metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of cobalt, molybdenum and iron, wherein said cobalt is from about 0.5 to about 2.0 percent by weight concentration of the total metals of said catalyst precursor composition, said molybdenum is from about 0.3 to about 2.0 percent by weight concentration of the total metals of said catalyst precursor composition, said iron is from about 0 to about 3.0 percent by weight concentration of the total metals of said catalyst precursor composition, said magnesium in the form of said magnesium compound and said magnesium oxide is from about 0.5 to about 3.3 percent by weight concentration of the total metals of said catalyst precursor composition.
8. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 7 , wherein the alumina is gamma-alumina.
9. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 7 , wherein said catalyst precursor composition has a particle size between about 20 and about 500 microns.
10. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 7 , wherein said catalyst precursor composition has a particle size between about 20 and about 250 microns.
11. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 7 , wherein said catalyst precursor composition has a particle size between about 20 and about 150 microns.
12. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 7 , wherein said cobalt is about 0.75 to about 1.5 percent by weight concentration of the total metals of said catalyst precursor composition, said molybdenum is from about 0.5 to about 1.0 percent by weight concentration of the total metals of said catalyst precursor composition, said iron is from about 0.5 to about 2.0 percent by weight concentration of the total metals of said catalyst precursor composition, and said magnesium is from about 0.5 to about 1.0 percent by weight concentration of the total metals of said catalyst precursor composition.
13. The catalyst precursor composition of claim 7 , wherein the alumina is gamma-alumina and the atomic ratio of magnesium oxide to alumina is between about 0.02 to about 0.04.
14. A catalyst composition comprising:
a support comprising gamma-alumina and magnesium aluminate with the magnesium aluminate incorporated into the crystalline structure of the gamma-alumina; and
the surface of said support carrying cobalt, molybdenum and iron, wherein said cobalt is in the form of metallic cobalt and is from about 0.5 to about 2.0 percent by weight of said catalyst composition, wherein said molybdenum is in the form of molybdenum carbide and is from about 0.3 to about 2.0 percent by weight concentration of said catalyst composition, and wherein said iron is in the form of metallic iron and iron carbide and the total iron component resulting from said metallic iron and iron carbide is from about 0 to about 3.0 percent by weight concentration of said catalyst composition.
15. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein the gamma-alumina is from about 91.0 to about 97.6 percent by weight of said catalyst composition and wherein the magnesium in the form of magnesium aluminate is from about 0.5 to about 3.3 percent by weight of said catalyst composition.
16. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein the gamma-alumina is from about 94.8 to about 97.6 percent by weight concentration of said catalyst composition and wherein the magnesium in the form of magnesium aluminate is from about 0.5 to about 1.0 percent by weight concentration of said catalyst composition.
17. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein said cobalt is in the form of metallic cobalt and is from about 0.75 to about 1.5 percent by weight concentration of said catalyst composition, wherein said molybdenum is in the form of molybdenum carbide and is from about 0.5 to about 1.0 percent by weight concentration of said catalyst composition, and wherein said iron is in the form of metallic iron and iron carbide and the total iron component is from about 0.5 to about 2.0 percent by weight concentration of said catalyst composition.
18. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein the molybdenum carbide and iron carbide comprise from zero to less than 2.0 percent by weight of said catalyst composition.
19. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein said metallic cobalt is on the surface of said support as particles having sizes between about 1.5 nm and about 3.0 nm.
20. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein said metallic cobalt is on the surface of said support as particles having sizes between about 1.5 nm and about 2.2 nm.
21. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , further comprising magnesium oxide on the surface of the support.
22. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein said catalyst composition has a particle size between about 20 and about 500 microns.
23. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein said catalyst composition has a particle size between about 20 and about 250 microns.
24. The catalyst composition of claim 14 , wherein said catalyst composition has a particle size between about 20 and about 150 microns.