Micro assembled LED displays and lighting elements
The disclosed technology provides micro-assembled micro-LED displays and lighting elements using arrays of micro-LEDs that are too small (e.g., micro-LEDs with a width or diameter of 10 μm to 50 μm), numerous, or fragile to assemble by conventional means. The disclosed technology provides for micro-LED displays and lighting elements assembled using micro-transfer printing technology. The micro-LEDs can be prepared on a native substrate and printed to a display substrate (e.g., plastic, metal, glass, or other materials), thereby obviating the manufacture of the micro-LEDs on the display substrate. In certain embodiments, the display substrate is transparent and/or flexible.
1. A display comprising:
a display substrate;
a first patterned metal layer on and in direct contact with a surface of the display substrate;
a dielectric layer on and in direct contact with the display substrate and the first patterned metal layer;
a polymer layer on and in direct contact with the dielectric layer, the polymer layer comprising a material different from the dielectric layer;
a plurality of light emitters on and in direct contact with a surface of the polymer layer, each light emitter of the plurality of light emitters having a first electrical connection and a second electrical connection on a same side of the respective light emitter, wherein the display substrate is non-native to the plurality of light emitters;
a plurality of vias formed through the polymer layer and dielectric layer, each via associated with a corresponding light emitter of the plurality of light emitters; and
a second patterned metal layer, the second patterned metal layer comprising a plurality of first interconnections and a plurality of second interconnections in a single layer, each first interconnection electrically connecting a first electrical connection of a corresponding light emitter of the plurality of light emitters to the first patterned metal layer through a corresponding via of the plurality of vias and each second interconnection electrically contacting the second electrical connection of the corresponding light emitter.
2. The display of claim 1 , wherein the anode and cathode of a respective light emitter are horizontally separated by a horizontal distance, wherein the horizontal distance is from 100 nm to 500 nm, 500 nm to 1 micron, 1 micron to 20 microns, 20 microns to 50 microns, or 50 microns to 100 microns.
3. The display of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of light emitters comprise a plurality of inorganic light emitting diodes.
4. The display of claim 1 , wherein the display substrate has a thickness from 5 to 10 microns, 10 to 50 microns, 50 to 100 microns, 100 to 200 microns, 200 to 500 microns, 500 microns to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1 mm, 1 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 10 mm, or 10 mm to 20 mm.
5. The display of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitters has a width from 2 to 5 μm, 5 to 10 μm, 10 to 20 μm, or 20 to 50 μm.
6. The display of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitters has a length from 2 to 5 μm, 5 to 10 μm, 10 to 20 μm, or 20 to 50 μm.
7. The display of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitters has with a height from 2 to 5 μm, 4 to 10 μm, 10 to 20 μm, or 20 to 50 μm.
8. The display of claim 1 , wherein display substrate has a transparency greater than or equal to 50%, 80%, 90%, or 95% for visible light.
9. The display of claim 1 , wherein the display substrate has a contiguous display substrate area, the plurality of light emitters each have a light-emissive area, and the combined light-emissive areas of the plurality of light emitters is less than or equal to one-quarter of the contiguous display substrate area.
10. The display of claim 9 , wherein the combined light-emissive areas of the plurality of light emitters is less than or equal to one eighth, one tenth, one twentieth, one fiftieth, one hundredth, one five-hundredth, one thousandth, one two-thousandth, or one ten-thousandth of the contiguous display substrate area.
11. The display of claim 1 , wherein display substrate has a transparency greater than or equal to 50%, 80%, 90%, or 95% for visible light.
12. The display of claim 1 , wherein the display substrate is a member selected from the group consisting of polymer, plastic, resin, polyimide, PEN, PET, metal, metal foil, glass, a semiconductor, and sapphire.
13. The display of claim 1 , wherein the first patterned metal layer comprises a metal stack.
14. The display of claim 13 , wherein the metal stack comprises Aluminum and Titanium.
15. The display of claim 14 , wherein the Titanium is on the Aluminum.
16. The display of claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer is a photosensitive negative-acting semiconductor-grade epoxy.
17. The display of claim 1 , the plurality of light emitters having been micro-transfer printed on the surface of the polymer layer using a print tool.
18. The display of claim 17 , wherein the print tool is a viscoelastic elastomer stamp.
19. The display of claim 1 , wherein the second patterned metal layer comprises a metal stack.
20. The display of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of light emitters comprises a plurality of red light emitters that emit red light, a plurality of green light emitters that emit green light, and a plurality of blue light emitters that emit blue light.