Manipulation of beads in droplets and methods for manipulating droplets
The invention provides a method of circulating magnetically responsive beads within a droplet in a droplet actuator. The invention also provides methods for splitting droplets. The invention, in one embodiment, makes use of a droplet actuator with top and bottom substrates, a plurality of magnetic fields respectively present proximate the top and bottom substrates, wherein at least one of the magnet fields is selectively alterable, and a plurality of droplet operations electrodes positioned along at least one of the top and bottom surfaces. A droplet is positioned between the top and bottom surfaces and at least one of the magnetic fields is selectively altered.
1. A method of circulating magnetically responsive beads within a droplet on a droplet actuator, the method comprising:
(a) providing a droplet actuator, comprising:
(i) top and bottom substrates;
(ii) a plurality of magnetic fields respectively present proximate the top and bottom substrates, wherein at least one of the magnet fields is selectively alterable; and
(iii) a plurality of droplet operations electrodes positioned along at least one of the top and bottom surfaces;
(b) positioning the droplet comprising magnetically responsive beads between the top and bottom substrates in a gap that is within the magnetic fields; and
(c) selectively altering at least one of the magnetic fields to circulate the magnetically responsive beads in the droplet.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein altering at least one of the magnetic fields further comprises activating an electromagnet proximate at least one of the top and bottom surfaces.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein altering at least one of the magnetic fields further comprises activating and deactivating the magnetic fields in a pattern which causes the beads to circulate within the droplet.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein altering at least one of the magnetic fields further comprises activating an electromagnet proximate only one of the top and bottom surfaces.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising selectively activating at least one of a plurality of electromagnets positioned proximate the top surface.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising selectively deactivating at least one of a plurality of electromagnets positioned proximate the top surface.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising selectively activating at least one of a plurality of electromagnets positioned proximate the bottom surface.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising selectively deactivating at least one of a plurality of electromagnets positioned proximate the bottom surface.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein altering at least one of the magnetic fields further comprises physically altering a position of a magnet emanating the at least one magnetic field.
10. A method of circulating magnetically responsive beads within a droplet on a droplet actuator, the method comprising:
(a) providing a droplet actuator, comprising:
(i) top and bottom substrates;
(ii) a plurality of magnetic fields respectively present proximate the top and bottom substrates, wherein at least one of the magnet fields is selectively alterable; and
(iii) a plurality of droplet operations electrodes positioned along at least one of the top and bottom surfaces;
(b) positioning the droplet comprising magnetically responsive beads between the top and bottom substrates in a gap that is within the magnetic fields; and
(c) selectively altering at least one of the magnetic fields to circulate the magnetically responsive beads in the droplet without splitting, merging or transporting the droplet.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein altering at least one of the magnetic fields further comprises activating an electromagnet proximate at least one of the top and bottom surfaces.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein altering at least one of the magnetic fields further comprises activating an electromagnet proximate only one of the top and bottom surfaces.
13. The method of claim 10 further comprising selectively activating at least one of a plurality of electromagnets positioned proximate the top surface.
14. The method of claim 10 further comprising selectively deactivating at least one of a plurality of electromagnets positioned proximate the top surface.
15. The method of claim 10 further comprising selectively activating at least one of a plurality of electromagnets positioned proximate the bottom surface.
16. The method of claim 10 further comprising selectively deactivating at least one of a plurality of electromagnets positioned proximate the bottom surface.
17. The method of claim 10 wherein altering at least one of the magnetic fields further comprises physically altering a position of a magnet emanating the at least one magnetic field.