Applied magnetic field synthesis and processing of iron nitride magnetic materials
A method may include annealing a material including iron and nitrogen in the presence of an applied magnetic field to form at least one Fe 16 N 2 phase domain. The applied magnetic field may have a strength of at least about 0.2 Tesla (T).
1. A method comprising:
solutionizing a material including iron and nitrogen in the presence of an applied magnetic field with a strength of at least about 9 T magnetic field at about 750° C.; and
after solutionizing the material including iron and nitrogen, quenching the material including iron and nitrogen; and
annealing the material including iron and nitrogen in the presence of an applied magnetic field to form at least one Fe 16 N 2 phase domain, wherein the applied magnetic field has a strength of at least about 0.2 Tesla (T).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the strength of the high magnetic field is greater than about 2.5 T.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the strength of the high magnetic field is between about 8 T and about 10 T.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the strength of the high magnetic field is greater than about 9 T.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein annealing the material comprises heating the material at a temperature of between about 120° C. to about 200° C. for between about 10 hours and about 100 hours.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein annealing the material comprises heating the material at a temperature between about 150° C. and about 160° C. for between about 10 hours and about 30 hours.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises at least one of a pellet, rod, thin film, nanoparticle, powder, or nanoscale powder.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material further comprises at least one dopant.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one dopant comprises at least one of Al, Mn, La, Cr, Co, Ti, Ni, or a rare earth metal.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one dopant comprises at least one of B, C, P, Si, or 0.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein annealing the material in the presence of the applied magnetic field transforms an α′-Fe8N phase in the material to an α″-Fe16N2 phase.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a transformation yield of the α′-Fe8N phase to the α″-Fe16N2 phase is at least 70%.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein, after annealing, the α″-Fe16N2 phase in the material is at least 20% of the material by volume.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applied magnetic field is applied in substantial alignment with a c axis of at least one iron crystal in the material.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein, prior to annealing the material, the concentration of nitrogen in the material is between about 8 atomic percent (at. %) and about 9 at. %.