Modified carbonized red mud
The present disclosure relates to an inorganic, halogen-free flameproofing agent produced from modified, carbonized red mud (MKRS-HT) having, in some examples, a mineral composition of 10 to 50 weight % of iron compounds, 12 to 35 weight % of aluminum compounds, 5 to 17 weight % of silicon compounds, 2 to 10 weight % of titanium dioxide, 0.5 to 6 weight % of calcium compounds, the weight ratio of Fe (II) carbonate to the oxides of iron being at least 1. Examples of the agent can be used as a flame retardant in the high-temperature range. The disclosure further relates to an agent produced from modified, carbonized and rehydrated red mud, which can be used as a flame retardant in the low-temperature and high-temperature ranges, methods for producing same and use as flame retardants. The disclosure further relates to a flameproofed material system and methods for producing same.
1. A modified, carbonised red mud (MKRS-HT) with a mineral composition of
10 to 50% by weight of iron compounds,
12 to 35% by weight of aluminum compounds,
5 to 17% by weight of silicon compounds,
2 to 10% by weight of titanium dioxide,
0.5 to 6% by weight of calcium compounds,
characterized in that the weight ratio of Fe (II) carbonate to the oxides of iron is at least 1.
2. A modified, carbonised and rehydrated red mud with a mineral composition of
10 to 50% by weight of iron compounds,
12 to 35% by weight of aluminum compounds,
5 to 17% by weight of silicon compounds,
2 to 10% by weight of titanium dioxide,
0.5 to 6% by weight of calcium compounds,
characterized in that the weight ratio of Fe (II) carbonate to the oxides of iron is at least 1, and the weight ratio of the sum of iron hydroxide and iron oxide hydroxide to the oxides of iron is at least 1.
3. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of water-soluble sodium compounds, expressed in percentage by weight of Na2O is no more than 0.03% by weight.
4. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle size (d50) is no more than 50 μm.
5. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the residual moisture content is no more than 0.4% by weight.
6. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the surface thereof is provided with at least one substance which improves the compatibility of the particles of the modified red mud with a polymer matrix.
7. The modified red mud according to claim 6 , wherein the substance is a surface modifying agent, selected from the group consisting of organosilanes, organotitanates, organo-zirconium aluminates, carboxylic acid derivatives, softeners, oligomer and polymer precursors, ionomers, boric acid and the metal salts and derivatives thereof, zinc stannates, zinc hydroxystannates or combinations thereof.
8. The modified red mud according to claim 7 , wherein it is present in combination with synergists.
9. The modified red mud according to claim 8 , wherein it also contains at least one further flame-retardant additive in a proportion up to 70% by weight.
10. The modified red mud according to claim 9 , wherein at least one of the further flame retardant additives is an endothermally reacting substance.
11. A method for producing a modified red mud according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of:
a) providing red mud,
b) reducing the iron (III) compounds contained in the red mud in acidic solution to iron (II) compounds, and
c) adding a carbonate compound to the solution containing iron (II) compounds obtained in step b), wherein iron (II) carbonate (siderite) is formed.
12. A method for producing a modified red mud according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of:
a) providing red mud,
b) separately producing iron (II) carbonate from available starting substances;
c) mixing red mud and iron (II) carbonate; and
d) obtaining modified carbonised red mud (MKRS-HT).
13. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the modified red mud has been thermally treated in order to increase the specific weight.
14. The modified red mud according to claim 13 , wherein the modified red mud has been thermally treated at a temperature of 150 to 350° C. and/or wherein the specific weight of the modified red mud is greater than 4 g/cm 3 .
15. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the specific surface area of the modified red mud is in the range from 2 to 200 m 2 /g (measured according to BET).
16. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the particle size of the modified red mud is less than 10 mm.
17. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the bulk density (un-tamped bulk density, UTBD) of the modified red mud is in the range from 100 g/L to 3000 g/L.
18. The modified red mud according to claim 1 , wherein the modified red mud is present in powdered form, in granular form and/or as a shaped body.
19. The modified red mud according to claim 1 wherein compounds of iron have a hydroxide and oxide hydroxide fraction of greater/equal to 50% by weight, and wherein the compounds of aluminum have a hydroxide and oxide hydroxide fraction of greater/equal to 50% by weight.