Lens and optical observation device
The invention relates to a lens ( 1 ), comprising a first lens unit ( 3 ), at least one second lens unit ( 5 ), and at least one pupil ( 7 ) having a pupil radius. The first lens unit ( 3 ) and the second lens unit ( 5 ) are arranged at a distance from each other along an optical axis (OA) of the objective, such that an intermediate space is present between the first lens unit ( 3 ) and the second lens unit ( 5 ). The second lens unit ( 5 ) is arranged on the image side with respect to the first lens unit ( 3 ). The first lens unit ( 3 ) is designed in such a way that the first lens unit produces a collimated beam.
1. An objective for a microscope with a first lens unit, at least one second lens unit and a real pupil, wherein:
the first lens unit and the second lens unit are arranged at a distance from each other along an optical axis of the objective so that an intermediate space is present between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, and the second lens unit is arranged on an image side relative to the first lens unit;
the first lens unit is constructed in such a manner that it generates a collimated beam;
the real pupil is located in the intermediate space between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, wherein the first lens unit meets at least the condition
h
1
-
f
FG
·
sin
σ
0
h
1
<
0.3
for a pupil range present between 0% and 100% of a pupil radius, wherein
h1 designates a level of incidence of an opening ray at a location of the real pupil,
σ0 designates an angle of an inclination of a beam of an edge beam opposite the optical axis,
f′FG designates an object-side focal length of the first lens unit in air.
2. The objective according to claim 1 in which the first lens unit meets at least the condition:
h
1
-
f
FG
·
sin
σ
0
h
1
≤
0.15
for the range located between 0 and 71% of the pupil radius.
3. The objective according to claim 2 , in which the first lens unit comprises an aspherical lens.
4. The objective according to claim 1 , in which the first lens unit comprises an aspherical lens.
5. The objective according to claim 1 , in which the first lens unit is telecentrically constructed on the object side.
6. The objective according to claim 1 , in which at least one pupil filter is arranged between the first lens unit and the second lens unit.
7. The objective according to claim 6 , in which at least one wave front manipulator is arranged in the intermediate space between the first lens unit and the second lens unit as a pupil filter, and the wave front manipulator comprises a first optical component with at least one refractive freeform surface or with a diffractive surface and comprises at least one second optical component with at least one refractive freeform surface or with a diffractive surface, wherein the first optical component and the second optical component are arranged successively along the optical axis and can be moved relative to one another in a direction of movement vertical to the optical axis.
8. The objective according to claim 7 , in which an immersion medium contacting the two components is present between the first optical component and the second optical component of the wave front manipulator.
9. The objective according to claim 8 , in which the immersion medium is a fluid or an elastic optokit.
10. The objective according to claim 8 , in which the immersion medium has a dispersion course deviating from the normal straight line.
11. The objective according to claim 8 , in which material of the first optical component and of the second optical component of a wave front manipulator has a dispersion course deviating from the normal straight line.
12. The objective according to claim 7 , in which the real pupil is located between the first optical component and the second optical component of the wave front manipulator.
13. The objective according to claim 6 , in which at least one of the following optical elements is arranged in the intermediate space between the first lens unit and the second lens unit as a pupil filter: an apodization filter, a spectral filter or a spatial modulator for light.
14. The objective according to claim 6 , in which at least one second pupil filter is arranged between the first lens unit and the second lens unit.
15. The objective according to claim 1 , in which the second lens unit is afocally constructed.
16. The objective according to claim 1 , which has a numeric aperture of at least 0.8.
17. The objective according to claim 16 , which is constructed as a microscope objective for cooperating with an immersion medium bordering on the object side on the first lens unit.
18. An optical observation device with an objective according to claim 1 .
19. The optical observation device according to claim 18 , which furthermore comprises at least one third lens unit which is arranged on the image side of the objective and generates a real intermediate image together with the objective.
20. The optical observation device according to claim 19 , in which the third lens unit is a tubular lens group.