Synthesis of acyclic and cyclic amines using iron-catalyzed nitrene group transfer
The present invention provides novel synthetic methods for making acyclic secondary amines by reacting an azide with a compound bearing one or more C—H groups, catalyzed by a Fe II -dipyrromethene complex. The acyclic secondary amines are thought to be formed through an intermolecular nitrene transfer. Also provided herein are methods of synthesizing protected (e.g., Boc- or Fmoc-protected) cyclic secondary amines (e.g., 5-, 6-, and 7-membered cyclic secondary amines) by reacting an azide that bears one or more C—H groups, catalyzed by a Fe II -dipyrromethene complex. The protected cyclic secondary amines are thought to be formed through an intramolecular nitrene transfer and may be subsequently deprotected to yield cyclic secondary amines.
1. A method of preparing a compound of Formula (I):
or a salt thereof, the method comprising the steps of:
reacting an azide of Formula (A), or a salt thereof, with a ferrous compound of Formula (B), or a salt thereof, to provide a ferric compound of Formula (C), or a salt thereof:
and
reacting the ferric compound of Formula (C), or a salt thereof, with a compound of Formula (D) or (E), or a salt thereof, to provide a compound of Formula (I), or a salt thereof:
wherein:
Z is selected from the group consisting of mesityl and 2,6-dichlorophenyl;
R 1 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;
each one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —OR a , —N(R a ) 2 , —SR a , —CN, —C(═NR a )R a , —C(═NR a )OR a , —C(═NR a )N(R a ) 2 , —NO 2 , —NR a C(═O)R a , —NR a C(═O)OR a , —NR a C(═O)N(R a ) 2 , —OC(═O)R a , —OC(═O)OR a , —OC(═O)N(R a ) 2 , and —ON(R a ) 2 ;
optionally two of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 groups are joined to form an optionally substituted carbocyclyl or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;
each occurrence of R a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, and a sulfur protecting group when attached to a sulfur atom, or optionally two R a groups are joined to form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;
L is selected from the group consisting of N(R b ) 3 , R b —O—R b , R b —S—R b , optionally substituted heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl; and
each occurrence of R b is independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is adamantyl.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted aryl.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is hydrogen.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are each hydrogen.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 5 is hydrogen.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 6 is optionally substituted alkyl.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 6 is optionally substituted aryl.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 and R 6 are joined to form an optionally substituted carbocyclyl ring.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein L is R b —O—R b ; and each occurrence of R b is independently optionally substituted alkyl.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein L is optionally substituted heterocyclyl.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein L is optionally substituted tetrahydrofuran or optionally substituted tetrahydropyran.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein L is optionally substituted heteroaryl.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein L is optionally substituted pyridine.