Removal of chloramine and mercury from aqueous solutions
Described herein is a method of removing mercury from an aqueous solution comprising: providing an aqueous solution comprising chloramine and mercury; and contacting the aqueous solution with a medium comprising a porous carbon substrate comprising at least 1.5% by mass of sulfur.
1. A method of removing chloramine and mercury from an aqueous solution, the method comprising:
providing an aqueous solution comprising chloramine and mercury;
providing a thermal reaction product of (i) an activated carbon and (ii) a reactant comprising sulfur, wherein the reactant comprising sulfur is selected from elemental sulfur, sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide, salts containing oxyanions of sulfur, and combinations thereof, wherein the activated carbon and the reactant are reacted at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose the reactant and enable reaction with the activated carbon, wherein the thermal reaction product comprises at least 1.5% by mass of sulfur; and
contacting the aqueous solution with the thermal reaction product, wherein upon said contacting, the thermal reaction product reacts with the chloramine and the mercury in the aqueous solution to reduce the amount of chloramine and mercury in the aqueous solution.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the thermal reaction product comprises a species of CO x S y , wherein x is no more than 0.1, and y is 0.005 to 0.3.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal reaction product further comprises nitrogen and the sum of the sulfur and nitrogen is at least 4.0% by mass.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 0.2% by mass of the thermal reaction product comprises sulfur in an oxidation state higher than 0 based on XPS surface analysis.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon has a bulk density of greater than 0.6 g/cc.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon has an ash content less than 3%.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal reaction product is disposed within a matrix, wherein the matrix is a polymer matrix.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the matrix further comprises particles comprising titanium.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises polyethylene.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the matrix consists essentially of the thermal reaction product, a polymer matrix, and optionally titanium.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises 3ppm of chloramine and amount of chloramine is decreased by at least 70% after contact with the thermal reaction product.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises 6ppb mercury and amount of mercury is decreased by at least 60% after contact with the thermal reaction product.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal reaction product has a capacity of at least 0.1 gram/cubic centimeter for removing chloramine.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal reaction product has a capacity of at least 0.00025 gram/cubic centimeter for removing mercury.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactant comprises nitrogen.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal reaction product comprises at least 4.0% by mass of sulfur.