Multicomponent compositions for mercury removal
Herein are disclosed compositions of matter, processes of manufacture and processes of use of solid state admixtures that include an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof. The composition can include solid state inorganic bases (e.g., calcium hydroxide and sodium sesquicarbonate) and/or gaseous bases (e.g., ammonia) and, optionally, a support material for one or more of the inorganic base and sulfide. The compositions are useful for capturing environmental contaminants, for example, from the flue gas of a coal fired power plant.
1. A composition comprising:
a particulate support carrying an inorganic base selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate), sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and a mixture thereof, and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof; wherein the inorganic base and the sulfide are individually distributed on a surface of the particulate support, and the inorganic base does not include calcium hydroxide, and the composition does not include calcium hydroxide.
2. The composition of claim 1 consisting essentially of the particulate support carrying the inorganic base and the sulfide.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of a silicate, an aluminate, an aluminosilicate, a carbon, and a mixture thereof.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the support is a phyllosilicate selected from the group consisting of bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite, beidellite, saponite, nontronite, volkonskoite, sauconite, stevensite, fluorohectorite, laponite, rectonite, vermiculite, illite, a micaceous mineral, makatite, kanemite, octasilicate (illierite), magadiite, kenyaite, attapulgite, palygorskite, sepoilite, and a mixture thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic base is sodium sesquicarbonate, and a mixture thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sulfide is a polysulfide.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sulfide is transition metal sulfide selected from the group consisting of a manganese sulfide, an iron sulfide, a cobalt sulfide, a nickel sulfide, a copper sulfide, a zinc sulfide, and a mixture thereof.
8. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the inorganic base is a calcium carbonate, and the sulfide is a copper sulfide.
9. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the inorganic base is a calcium carbonate, and the sulfide is an alkali metal sulfide.
10. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the inorganic base is sodium sesquicarbonate, and the sulfide is a copper sulfide.
11. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the inorganic base is sodium sesquicarbonate, and the sulfide is an alkali metal sulfide.
12. The process of capturing an environmental contaminant from a fluid, the process comprising:
admixing a fluid containing an environmental contaminant with a composition comprising a particulate support carrying an inorganic base selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate), sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and a mixture thereof, and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof; wherein the inorganic base and the sulfide are individually distributed on a surface of the particulate support, and the inorganic base does not include calcium hydroxide and the composition does not include calcium hydroxide; and then separating the fluid and the composition;
wherein the separated fluid includes a lower concentration of the environmental contaminant after separation from the composition.