Cellulosic enzyme recycling from separation of saccharified biomass
The present disclosure provides methods for generating sugars from a cellulosic biomass. The methods combine treatment of the biomass using a high-shear milling device and saccharification of the biomass to partially hydrolyze the biomass. The biomass can be saccharified either after or simultaneously with the high-shear milling treatment. The partially hydrolyzed biomass is then separated into a solids stream with saccharification enzymes, and a liquid stream with sugars. The solids stream and associated enzymes are further incubated under saccharification conditions to produce additional sugars, or are recycled and added to fresh biomass, which is saccharified under high-shear milling conditions. The methods result in improved conversion of cellulosic biomass to glucose.
1. A method for generating ethanol from a lignocellulosic biomass, comprising:
(a) hydrothermally pretreating the lignocellulosic biomass at a temperature from about 140° C. to about 210° C. and a pH of about 3.0 to about 6.5;
(b) contacting the biomass with a hydrolytic or saccharification enzyme to hydrolyze components of the biomass to sugars under conditions of high-shear agitation, thereby producing a mixture of solids and a liquid comprising sugars;
(c) separating the mixture into a liquid stream comprising sugars and furfural, and a solids stream comprising solids and the hydrolytic or saccharification enzyme, wherein the activity of the hydrolytic or saccharification enzyme from step (b) is increased;
(d) incubating the solids stream under conditions suitable to hydrolyze components of the solids to sugars, thereby producing additional sugars,
wherein the hydrolyzed components from step (d) contain decreased concentrations of furfural compared to biomass from step (b) that is not treated under the conditions as in step (c); and
(e) fermenting the sugars from step (d) to produce ethanol.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 80% of the glucan in the biomass is hydrolyzed to glucose in about 6 to about 24 hours.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises at least about 10% by weight solids prior to the contacting step.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is at a pressure of 100 psi or greater.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions in step (b) produce a biomass particle size wherein at least about 80% of the particles have a particle size of from about 2 to about 200 microns.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is separated using a mechanical device, a filter, a membrane, a tangential flow filtration device, a centrifuge, a press, or a screen.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating step occurs at about 2 to about 6 hours after the contacting step.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the separating step occurs when about 30% to about 60% of the glucan is converted.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incubating step is from about 8 to about 20 hours.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the amount of glucan converted is at least 10% greater than the amount of glucan converted when compared to a method that does not comprise the separating step.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the solids from step (d) with additional biomass in a batch, semi-batch, or continuous process, wherein the additional biomass has not been contacted with a hydrolytic or saccharification enzyme, or comprises biomass that has been contacted with the hydrolytic or saccharification enzyme.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incubating step occurs under conditions of high shear agitation.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the biomass with the hydrolytic or saccharification enzyme suitable to hydrolyze components of the biomass to sugars occurs after the application of high shear.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions of high shear agitation comprise treating the biomass with a high shear/milling mixing device comprising a rotor and a stator, wherein the gap setting between the rotor and stator is between 0.1 and 2.2 millimeters.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising
(f) separating the liquid stream produced in (c) into a second liquid stream comprising sugars and a second solid stream comprising solids; and
(g) incubating the second solids under conditions suitable to hydrolyze components of the solids to sugars, thereby producing additional sugars.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolytic or saccharification enzyme comprises an endoglucanase, exoglucanase, beta-glucosidase, hemicellulase, xylanase, amylase, esterase, or combinations thereof.