Compositions and methods for generating cavitation resistance
A method for generating cavitation resistance in a liquid, a portion of which can be in contact with a surface is disclosed. The disclosed method can be carried out by pressure-treating the liquid, the liquid portion in contact with the surface, and/or the surface for a sufficient time to develop resistance to cavitation. The disclosed method can be carried out when the surface is made of a material having a surface roughness that is greater than the rc of the liquid. Suitable surfaces include borosilicate glass, drawn glass, copper, lead, steel, cast iron, metal alloys and concrete. The surfaces can be ship and boat propeller surfaces, the interior of fuel lines and fuel storage containers or any other surface where cavitation can occur.
1. A method for generating cavitation resistance in a liquid with a surface tension higher than 60 mN/m, a portion of which is in contact with a surface within a vessel, comprising
lowering the surface tension by one or both of (i) adding a fluid having a lower surface tension than the liquid to the liquid, and (ii) heating the liquid;
pressure treating the liquid by pressurizing the liquid and the liquid surface interface for a predetermined amount of time and a predetermined amount of pressure, followed by releasing the pressure to generate resistance to cavitation when the liquid is subject to a tension that gives rise to cavitation, and
equalizing pressure outside the vessel with the pressure inside the vessel if necessary to prevent vessel wall rupture;
wherein the liquid and the liquid surface interface generate fewer cavitation events than for a liquid and liquid surface interface that has not been treated with said pressure treatment.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the vessel is made of material selected from the group of homogeneous materials consisting of borosilicate glass, drawn glass, copper, lead, steel, cast iron, metal alloy and heterogeneous materials consisting of concrete, metal-glass composites and semi-solid epoxies.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface is a portion of a propeller.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface is a portion of a fuel flow line.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid is a mixture.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid comprises an organic component.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid comprises an inorganic component.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid comprises a mixture of water and salt.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid comprises a mixture of inorganic and organic components.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid comprises a mixture includes inorganic and organic particulates.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined pressure is 10 bar or more to 2,000 bar.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined pressure is 10 bar or more.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the pressure is maintained for the predetermined amount of time of at least 10 minutes.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the system is an impulsive suction generator for entrainment of materials.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein fluid is selected from the group consisting of Acetone, ethanol, dodecane, tetrachloroethylene (C 2 Cl 4 ), and ethanol-water (40-60% by weight).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lowering the surface tension step by heating includes heating the liquid to 80 ° C. when the liquid is water.