Low charge packaged refrigeration system
A packaged, pumped liquid, recirculating refrigeration system with charges of 10 lbs or less of refrigerant per ton of refrigeration capacity. The compressor and related components are situated in a pre-packaged modular machine room, and in which the condenser is mounted on the machine room and the evaporator is close coupled to the pre-packaged modular machine room. Prior art large receiver vessels may be replaced with a single or dual phase cyclonic separator also housed in the pre-packaged modular machine room.
1. A refrigeration system comprising:
a refrigerant evaporator coil,
vapor/liquid separation structure connected to an outlet of said evaporator coil via refrigerant line configured to separate low pressure refrigerant vapor from low pressure refrigerant liquid;
a refrigerant compressor connected to an outlet of said liquid-vapor separation device via refrigerant line and configured to compress refrigerant vapor from said vapor liquid separation structure;
a refrigerant condenser connected to an outlet of said refrigerant compressor via refrigerant line and configured to condense refrigerant vapor produced in said compressor to refrigerant liquid,
a high pressure-side expansion device connected to an outlet of said refrigerant condenser via refrigerant line and configured to reduce pressure of refrigerant liquid received from said refrigerant condenser;
a collection vessel connected to an outlet of said high pressure-side expansion device via refrigerant line for receiving refrigerant liquid from said high pressure-side expansion device;
a low pressure-side expansion device connected to an outlet of said collection vessel via refrigerant line and configured to reduce pressure of refrigerant liquid received from said collection vessel;
refrigerant line connecting an outlet of said low pressure-side expansion device to an inlet of said vapor/liquid separation structure and configured to deliver refrigerant liquid to said separation structure;
said vapor/liquid separation structure having a liquid outlet that is connected via refrigerant line to an inlet of said evaporator;
wherein said vapor/liquid separation structure, said compressor, said high pressure side expansion device, said collection vessel, and said low pressure side expansion device are situated inside a pre-packaged modular machine room;
wherein said refrigeration system requires less than six pounds of refrigerant per ton of refrigeration capacity.
2. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said refrigerant is ammonia.
3. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said vapor/liquid separation structure comprises a cyclonic separator.
4. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said vapor/liquid separation structure comprises a recirculator vessel.
5. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said collection vessel comprises a cyclonic separator.
6. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said collection vessel comprises an economizer.
7. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said evaporator coil has internal enhancements to improve the flow of liquid/vapor therein and improve heat exchange and refrigerant charge.
8. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said condenser comprises coils having internal enhancements.
9. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said condenser comprises a microchannel heat exchanger.
10. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , further comprising a liquid to vapor mass ratio sensor situated inside refrigerant line connecting said evaporator coil and said vapor/liquid separation structure.
11. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , further comprising a liquid to vapor mass ratio sensor situated inside refrigerant line connecting said vapor/liquid separation structure and said compressor.
12. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , further comprising an oil separator vessel configured to separate compressor oil from refrigerant vapor received from said compressor.
13. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said condenser is an air-cooled condenser comprising coil and condenser fans located on top of said pre-packaged modular machine room.
14. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , wherein said condenser is located inside said pre-packaged modular machine room.
15. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , which requires less than four pounds of refrigerant per ton of refrigeration capacity.
16. A refrigeration system according to claim 1 , which requires less than two pounds of refrigerant per ton of refrigeration capacity.