Compositions, apparatus, systems, and methods for resolving electronic excited states
The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to molecules, including conjugated fused polycyclic molecules, that may receive excited state energy from other molecules (e.g., light-absorbing molecules) or directly from the irradiation sources. According to some embodiments, the disclosure relates to molecules, including conjugated fused polycyclic molecules, that may resolve (e.g., quench, dissipate) excited state energy, normally by way of releasing it as heat. (e.g., as heat). Conjugated fused polycyclic molecules of various structures are disclosed including Formula III: The disclosure further relates to methods of use and/or therapy using molecules of Formulas I, II, and/or III.
1. A method for resolving at least one excited energy state of a photoactive molecule, the method comprising:
positioning the photoactive molecule in electrical communication with a conjugated fused polycyclic molecule prior to, during, or following excitation of the photoactive molecule to the at least one excited energy state,
wherein the conjugated fused polycyclic molecule has a structure according to Formula III:
wherein
m and n are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4,
r and s each may be 0 or 1,
A 3 and A 4 are each independently carbonyl, C═C(R 27 )R 28 , O, S, S═O, S(O)═O, or C═S,
R 27 is independently nitrile, C(O)OR 29 , C(O)R 30 , C(O)N(R 31 )R 32 , C(O)—S—R 33 , C(O)—O—S—R 34 , C═CHR 35 , N(R 36 ) 3 + , F, Cl, Br, I, CF 3 , CCl 3 , NO 2 , aryl, substituted aryl, or fused aryl,
R 28 is independently nitrile, C(O)OR 37 , C(O)R 38 , C(O)N(R 39 )R 40 , C(O)—S—R 41 , C(O)—O—S—R 42 , C═CHR 43 , N(R 44 ) 3 + , F, Cl, Br, I, CF 3 , CCl 3 , NO 2 , aryl, substituted aryl, or fused aryl,
R 29 and R 37 are each independently H, alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, or fused aryl,
R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 38 , R 39 , R 40 , R 41 , R 42 , and R 43 are each independently H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl, substituted aryl, or fused aryl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or branched alkyl,
R 36 and R 44 are each independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and
D 5 and D 6 are each independently R 27 , R 28 , heteroaryl, hydroxyl, alkyl, or alkoxyl, provided that
r+s≧1, and
at least one of A 3 and A 4 is C═C(R 27 )R 28 ,
wherein if r+s=1; then R 27 and R 28 are each independently ≠F, Cl, Br, I, aryl, substituted aryl, or fused aryl; R 29 and R 37 are each independently ≠alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, or fused aryl; and D 5 and D 6 are each independently ≠heteroaryl, hydroxyl, alkyl, or alkoxyl; and
wherein if r+s=1, then only one of R 27 and R 28 is nitrile.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one excited state of the photoactive molecule is resolved substantially without observable photochemical reaction or without observable photosensitization reactions.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one excited state of the photoactive molecule is resolved substantially non-radiatively.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one excited state of the photoactive molecule is resolved substantially non-radiatively, substantially without observable photochemical reaction, and substantially without observable photosensitization reactions.