Enrichment of palmitoleic acid and palmitoleic acid derivatives by dry and solvent-aided winterization
The present invention provides a fatty acid mixture enriched with palmitoleic acid and palmitoleic acid derivatives relative to the starting lipid mixture; fractionations procedure describe herein are winterization methods. The invention provides methods of dry winterization and solvent-aided winterization alone and in combination. In some embodiments, the palmitoleic acid and palmitoleic acid derivative enriched mixture described herein contains less than 1% of palmitic acid and palmitic acid derivative. The invention also provides palmitoleic derivatives of use as dietary supplements.
1. A method for producing an oil composition of a liquid olein fraction that is not derived from algae, wherein the oil composition comprises a mixture of not more than 0.2% (wt %) palmitic acid and at least 59% (wt %) palmitoleic acid from said liquid olein fraction, said method comprising fractional crystallization of a starting oil mixture containing more than 0.2% (wt %) palmitic acid and less than 59% (wt %) palmitoleic acid to produce the liquid olein fraction and a solid stearin fraction, and wherein said fractional crystallization comprises:
(a) incubating a solution of said starting oil mixture in an organic solvent at a ratio of organic solvent to starting oil mixture at a temperature between about −20° C. to about −70° C. to produce said solid stearin fraction and said liquid olein fraction, wherein said organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and hexane, and wherein the ratio of methanol to the starting oil mixture is 2:1 to 1:1, the ratio of ethanol to the starting oil mixture is 2:1 to 1:1, the ratio of isopropyl alcohol to the starting oil mixture is 1:4 to 1:6, and the ratio of acetone to the starting oil mixture is 1:6 to 1:8, or the ratio of hexane to the starting oil mixture is 1:8 to 1:10;
(b) separating said solid stearin fraction and said liquid olein fraction; and
(c) collecting said liquid olein fraction to produce the oil composition of said liquid olein fraction.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said starting oil mixture comprises at least 30% (wt %) palmitic acid.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said starting oil mixture comprises less than 50% (wt %) palmitoleic acid.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein separating at step (b) comprises filtering said liquid olein fraction from said solid stearin fraction.
5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising washing said solid stearin fraction with the organic solvent of step (a) after step (b).
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said temperature ranges from −35° C. to −47° C. to produce the crystallized solid stearin fraction and the liquid olein fraction.
7. The method of according to claim 1 , wherein the starting oil mixture is a fish oil mixture, oil from macademia nuts, almond oil, canola oil, cocoa butter, by product of omega-3fish oil, cod liver oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, flaxseed oil, grape seed oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm olein, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, shea nut, soybean oil, and walnut oil.
8. The method of according to claim 1 , wherein the starting oil mixture is Menhaden oil.
9. The method of according to claim 1 , wherein said starting oil mixture is a product of fractional distillation.