Applications of wavelength-locking using dithering signals for microring resonators
A low-cost, robust method for automatically tuning a coupled resonator to match a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation emitted from an applied laser source. Dithering signals are used for automatic wavelength tuning and thermal stabilization of microring resonators. The disclosed method can be applied using low-speed analog and digital circuitry, to create a complete photonic interconnection network. The methods disclosed also automatically detect, measure, and correct for resonance shift.
1. A method for automatically tuning a coupled resonator to match a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation emitted from an applied laser source, comprising:
applying a variable voltage to an integrated heater coupled to the coupled resonator;
applying, by an electronic circuit, a dithering signal to the coupled resonator;
measuring a modulated optical signal generated in response to the dithering signal;
mixing the dithering signal and the modulated optical signal;
filtering the mixed signal to obtain an error signal; and
tuning the coupled resonator to match the wavelength based at least in part on the error signal,
wherein the variable voltage applied to the integrated heater is triggered by a reset signal indicating the coupled resonator requires tuning.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying the dithering signal comprises generating a periodic waveform.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying the dithering signal comprises applying a modulation to a local temperature of the coupled resonator.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring of the modulated optical signal comprises:
receiving a photocurrent on a photodiode; and
converting the photocurrent to a voltage.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising amplifying the voltage.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing comprises electrically mixing the dithering signal and a voltage based on the modulated optical signal.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tuning of the coupled resonator comprises:
determining, based on the error signal, a drift of the coupled resonator; and
applying a correction.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coupled resonator comprises a microring resonator.
9. A system for automatically matching a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation emitted from an applied laser source, comprising:
a coupled resonator, adapted to be optically coupled to the laser source;
an integrated heater, coupled to the coupled resonator, and configured to receive a variable voltage; and
an electronic circuit, coupled to the coupled resonator, and configured to:
apply a dithering signal to the coupled resonator;
measure a modulated optical signal generated in response to the dithering signal;
mix the dithering signal and the modulated optical signal;
filter the mixed signal to obtain an error signal; and
tune the coupled resonator to match the wavelength based at least in part on the error signal wherein the variable voltage applied to the integrated heater is triggered by a reset signal indicating the coupled resonator requires tuning.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the electronic circuit comprises a photodiode coupled to the coupled resonator.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the electronic circuit further comprises a transimpedance amplifier coupled to the photodiode.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the electronic circuit comprises an analog mixer.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the electronic circuit comprises a feedback controller.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the feedback controller comprises a proportional-integral-derivative feedback controller.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the feedback controller comprises a proportional-integral feedback controller.
16. The system of claim 9 , wherein the electronic circuit comprises a waveform generator.
17. The system of claim 9 , wherein the coupled resonator comprises at least one of lithium-niobate, indium phosphide, silica, and silicon nitride.
18. The system of claim 9 , wherein the coupled resonator comprises a silicon resonator.
19. The system of claim 9 , wherein the integrated heater comprises a resistive material.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the resistive material comprises at least one of titanium, nichrome, nickel, chromium, and poly-silicon.
21. The system of claim 9 , wherein the coupled resonator comprises a silicon microring.
22. The system of claim 9 , wherein the integrated heater comprises a thin film titanium-based heater.
23. The system of claim 9 , wherein the coupled resonator is separated from the integrated heater by an oxide layer.
24. The system of claim 9 , wherein the coupled resonator is co-located on a same layer as the integrated heater.
25. The system of claim 9 , further comprising grating couplers for an optical input and an optical output.
26. The system of claim 9 , further comprising tapered waveguides for lateral optical coupling.
27. The system of claim 9 , further comprising one or more mode converters for lateral optical coupling.
28. The system of claim 9 , wherein the coupled resonator comprises a microring resonator.