Dual-gate chemical field effect transistor sensor
A chemical sensing field effect transistor device is disclosed. The device can include a control gate structure interfacing a control side of a semiconductor channel region, a source region, and a drain region. The control gate structure can comprise a control gate dielectric and a control gate electrode. The device can include a sensing gate structure interfacing the semiconductor channel region, the source region, and the drain region at a sensing side of the semiconductor channel region opposite the control gate structure. The sensing gate structure can comprise a sensing gate dielectric, and a sensing gate electrode. The device can include a functional layer interfacing the sensing gate electrode opposite the sensing gate dielectric. The functional layer can have an exposed interface surface. The functional layer can be capable of binding with a target analyte material sufficient to create a measurable change in conductivity across the semiconductor channel region.
1. A dual gate (DG) chemical sensing field effect transistor (chemFET) device operable to perform airborne chemical detection, the DG chemFET device comprising:
a sensing gate electrode;
a control gate electrode;
an organic semiconductor layer positioned in between the sensing gate electrode and the control gate electrode, wherein a sensing gate dielectric separates the organic semiconductor layer from the sensing gate electrode and a control gate dielectric separates the organic semiconductor layer from the control gate electrode, wherein conductivity is induced in the organic semiconductor by application of an electric field by the control gate electrode; and
a sensing material placed on the sensing gate electrode to enable detection of airborne chemicals, wherein the sensing material is selected based on a type of airborne chemical to be detected using the DG chemFET,
wherein the DG chemFET is operable to perform airborne chemical detection with increased selectivity and increased sensitivity based in part on the sensing gate electrode that is opposite of the control gate electrode with respect to the organic semiconductor layer.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the control gate dielectric is oriented between the organic semiconductor layer and the control gate electrode.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing gate dielectric is oriented between the organic semiconductor layer and the sensing gate electrode.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the organic semiconductor layer comprises at least one of: polythiophenes, polynaphthalyene, polyphenylenevinylene, parylenediimides, oligothiophenes, phalocyanines, pentacene, benzodithiophene, carbonyl-bridged bithiazole, and alkyl substituted dioxocyclopenta[b]thiophene.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the organic semiconductor layer further comprises a graphene to form a hybrid graphene/organic semiconductor.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the sensing material is substantially greater than an interface area between the organic semiconductor layer and the sensing gate dielectric.
7. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a drain region and a source region oriented at an interface of the sensing gate dielectric, the control gate dielectric, and the organic semiconductor layer.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein a flow of current through the organic semiconductor layer is substantially parallel to a plane of the sensing material.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein a flow of current through the organic semiconductor layer is substantially orthogonal to a plane of the sensing material.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing gate dielectric and the control gate dielectric comprise at least one of: silicon dioxide, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), parylene-c, polyimide, polystyrene, bisdichlorosilylethane, bisdichlorosilylhexane, polyisobultylene, alumina, and hafnium oxide.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing gate electrode and the control gate electrode comprise at least one of: heavily doped inorganic semiconductors, conductive polymers, graphene, conductive composites, metals, ionic gels/liquids, and combinations thereof.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing material comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of: perylene imides, porphyrins and phthalocyanines, carbazoles, anilines, thiophenes, pyrroles, ketones, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides and combinations thereof, the sensing material being chosen according to a level of adsorptive interaction with a target analyte material sufficient to create a measurable change in conductivity across the organic semiconductor layer.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing material is a functional layer from 1 nanometer (nm) to 10 micrometers (μm) in thickness.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the functional layer includes a micro-structured or a nano-structured surface to morphologically facilitate target analyte adsorption.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing material is not conductive.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing material is exposed to atmosphere.