Transcatheter valve replacement
A prosthetic heart valve having an inflow end and an outflow end includes a collapsible and expandable stent, a collapsible and expandable valve assembly disposed within the stent and having a plurality of leaflets, and a deformable frame having a first end and a second end. The frame includes braided wires forming a body having a lumen extending therethrough for receiving the stent and the valve assembly, the body having a plurality of diameters from the first end to the second end.
1. A prosthetic heart valve having an inflow end and an outflow end, comprising:
a collapsible and expandable stent having a plurality of struts;
a collapsible and expandable valve assembly disposed within the stent and having a plurality of leaflets configured to permit a blood flow in a first direction from the inflow end to the outflow end, and to impede the blood flow in a second opposite direction; and
a deformable frame having a first end and a second end, the frame including a plurality of shape-memory metallic wires that are braided together to form a three-dimensional body defining an inner surface in contact with struts of the stent, an outer surface for contacting native tissue, the body having a thickness between the inner surface and the outer surface, the thickness being variable from a first distance in an uncompressed state, and a second distance when a force is applied to the body, the second distance being less than the first distance, the body having a lumen extending therethrough for receiving the stent and the valve assembly.
2. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 , wherein the frame further comprises at least one hook configured to engage heart tissue.
3. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 , wherein the body includes a first diameter and at least one flange having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter for anchoring the body within a native valve annulus.
4. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 3 , wherein the at least one flange is disposed adjacent the outflow end of the prosthetic heart valve.
5. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 3 , wherein the at least one flange includes a first section that extends away from the body and a second section that extends back toward the body.
6. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 3 , further comprising a stabilizing wire disposed on the at least one flange and configured to engage heart tissue.
7. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 3 , further comprising a dumbbell-shaped anchor for coupling the at least one flange to heart tissue.
8. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 , wherein the frame includes a scalloped portion adjacent the outflow end of the prosthetic heart valve.
9. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 , wherein the frame extends in a longitudinal direction between the inflow end and the outflow end of the prosthetic heart valve, the body portion of the frame including a dilated portion having a longitudinal cross-section that is substantially circular.
10. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 9 , wherein the prosthetic heart valve is configured to replace a native mitral valve.
11. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 9 , wherein the valve assembly includes two leaflets.
12. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 , further comprising a reinforcement coupled to the frame to promote tissue growth.
13. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 12 , wherein the reinforcement includes polyester strands.
14. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 12 , wherein the frame has a non-circular transverse cross-section.
15. A method of deploying a prosthetic heart valve at a target site, the prosthetic heart valve including a stent having a plurality of struts, a valve assembly disposed within the stent and configured to permit a blood flow in a first direction from the inflow end to the outflow end, and to impede the blood flow in a second opposite direction, and a deformable frame having a first end and a second end, the frame including a plurality of shape-memory metallic wires that are braided together to form a three-dimensional body defining an inner surface in contact with struts of the stent, an outer surface for contacting native tissue, the body having a thickness between the inner surface and the outer surface, the thickness being variable from a first distance in an uncompressed state, and a second distance when a force is applied to the body, the second radial distance being less than the first radial distance, the body having a lumen extending therethrough for receiving the stent and the valve assembly, the method comprising:
deploying the deformable frame at the target site and allowing the frame to expand to fill irregularities in the native valve annulus; and
deploying the stent and valve via a delivery device within the expanded frame.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the target site is the mitral valve annulus of a patient.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the delivery device comprises a catheter and an inner shaft, the inner shaft being configured to mate with the stent.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising recapturing the stent within the catheter after expansion at the target site.