Type 2 diabetes biomarkers and uses thereof
The present invention provides biomarkers, methods and kits for diagnosing and prognosing the development of impaired glucose tolerance in a subject and the progression of diabetes in a subject, as well as methods for identifying a compound that can inhibit the development of impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes; reduce or slow down the progression of normal glucose tolerance to impaired fasting glycaemia, to impaired glucose tolerance, and/or to diabetes; and/or reduce or inhibit the development of complications associated with the disease in a subject, and methods for inhibiting the development of impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes; reducing or slowing down the progression of normal glucose tolerance to impaired fasting glycaemia, to impaired glucose tolerance, and/or to diabetes; and/or reducing or inhibiting the development of complications associated with the disease in a subject.
1. A method for monitoring the effectiveness of a diabetic treatment in a subject having type 2 diabetes, the method comprising
determining the level of carboxypeptidase M (CPM), insulin-1 (INS), matrilysin (MMP7), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in a first fluid sample(s) obtained from the subject prior to the initiation of the treatment,
wherein the determining of the level of CPM, INS, MMP7, and LDLR in the first fluid sample(s) is performed using mass spectrometry or immunoassay;
determining the level of CPM, INS, MMP7, and LDLR in a second fluid sample(s) obtained from the subject after the treatment has been administered,
wherein the determining of the level of CPM, INS, MMP7, and LDLR in the second fluid sample(s) is performed using mass spectrometry or immunoassay; and
comparing the level of CPM, INS, MMP7, and LDLR in the first sample(s) with a level of CPM, INS, MMP7, and LDLR in the second sample(s), wherein a lower level of CPM, INS, and MMP7, and a higher level of LDLR in the second sample(s) as compared to the level of CPM, INS, MMP7, and LDLR in the first sample(s) indicates that the subject is responding to the diabetic treatment, thereby monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment in the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining one or more of the level of the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, and the fasting plasma glucose level in a sample(s) from the subject.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the level of one or more markers selected from the group consisting of probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase FAF-X (USP9X), similar to dystroglycan precursor (DAG1), neuronal-specific septin-3 (SEPT3), receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase eta (PTPRJ), Serpin B13 (SERPINB13), probetacellulin (BTC), and pancreatic icosapeptide (PPY) in a sample(s) obtained from the subject.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the level of one or more markers selected from the group consisting of cleavage stimulation factor subunit 3 (CSTF3), protein kinase C-binding protein NELL1 (NELL1), slit homolog 3 (SLIT3), regulator complex protein LAMTOR 2 (LAMTOR2), alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-acetylglucosaminyl transferase B (MGAT4B), transmembrane protease serine 11F (TMPRSS11F), ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 3B (ATAD3B), receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like N (PTPRN), protein Wnt-9b (WNT9B), alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase (FUT6), beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1), family with sequence similarity 20, member C (FAM20C), contactin-1 (CNTN1), alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (MGAT1), syntaxin-1A (STXIA), neuromedin U (NMU), CD59 glycoprotein (CD59), peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK (CASR), and carboxypeptidase E (CPE) in a sample(s) obtained from the subject.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid sample(s) is a blood sample(s).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a non-human mammal.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combination of CPM, INS, MMP7, and LDLR has an area under the curve (AUC) of greater than about 0.70.