ANODES FOR LITHIUM-ION DEVICES
An anode material for a lithium ion device includes an active material including silicon and boron. The weight percentage of the silicon is between about 4 to 35 weight % of the total weight of the anode material and the weight percentage of the boron is between about 2 to 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode material. The active material may include carbon at a weight percentage of between between 5 to about 60 weight % of the total weight of the anode material. Additional materials, methods of making and devices are taught.
1 . An anode material for a lithium ion device, comprising:
an active material comprising silicon and boron, wherein the weight percentage of the silicon is between about 4 to about 35 weight % of the total weight of the anode material and the weight percentage of the boron is between about 2 to about 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
2 . The anode material of claim 1 , wherein the active material further comprises carbon at a weight percentage of about between 5 to about 60 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
3 . The anode material of claim 1 , wherein the active material further comprises tungsten at a weight percentage of between about 5 to about 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
4 . The anode material of claim 1 , further comprising:
carbon nano-tubes (CNT) at a weight percentage of between about 0.05 to about 0.5 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
5 . The anode material of claim 1 , wherein the weight percentage of the silicon is between about 5 to about 25 weight % of the total weight of the anode material and the weight percentage of the boron is between about 5 to about 18 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
6 . The anode material of claim 1 , wherein the active material further comprises tungsten at a weight percentage of between about 7 to about 13 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
7 . The anode material of claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more conductive materials, wherein and the weight percentage of the conductive materials is between about 0.01 to about 15 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
8 . The anode material of claim 7 , wherein the conductive materials comprise at least one of spherical carbon particles, carbon-nano-tubes and graphene particles.
9 . The anode material of claim 1 , further comprising:
a binder at a weight percentage of between about 0.1 to about 10 weight % of the total weight of the anode material
10 . An active material for a producing anode for lithium ion devices, the active material, comprising:
silicon at a weight percentage of between 5 to about 47 weight % of the total weight of the active material; and
boron at a weight percentage of between about 3 to about 25 weight % of the total weight of the active material.
11 . The active material of claim 10 , further comprising tungsten at a weight percentage of between about 6 to about 25 weight % tungsten of the total weight of the active material.
12 . A lithium ion device comprising:
an anode having an active material comprising silicon and boron, wherein the weight percentage of the silicon is between about 4 to about 35 weight % of the total weight of the anode and the weight percentage of the boron is between about 2 to about 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode;
a cathode; and
an electrolyte.
13 . The lithium ion device of claim 12 , wherein the active material further comprises carbon at a weight percentage of about between 5 to about 60 weight % of the total weight of the anode.
14 . The lithium ion device of claim 12 , wherein the active material further comprises tungsten at a weight percentage of about between 5 to about 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode.
15 . The lithium ion device of claim 11 , wherein the anode further comprises:
carbon nano-tubes (CNT) at a weight percentage of about between 0.05 to 0.5 weight % of the total weight of the anode.
16 . The lithium ion device of claim 12 , wherein the anode further comprises:
one or more conductive materials, the weight percentage of the conductive materials is between about 0.01 to about 15 weight % of the total weight of the anode.
17 . The lithium ion device of claim 12 , wherein the device is a battery.
18 . The lithium ion device of claim 12 , wherein the device is a capacitor.
19 . The lithium ion device of claim 12 , further comprising a separator between the anode and the cathode.
20 . The lithium ion device of claim 12 , comprising a solid electrolyte.
21 . A method for making an anode material for a lithium ion device, comprising:
forming an alloy from silicon powder, carbon, and a boron-containing compound to form an active material, and adding the active material to a matrix to form the anode material;
wherein the weight percentage of the silicon is between about 4 to about 35 weight % of the total weight of the anode material and the weight percentage of the boron is between about 2 to about 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the active material comprises carbon at a weight percentage of between about 5 to about 60 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
23 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the active material further comprises tungsten at a weight percentage of between about 5 to about 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
24 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the active material further comprises:
carbon nano-tubes (CNT) at a weight percentage of between about 0.05 to about 0.5 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
25 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the weight percentage of the silicon is between about 5 to about 25 weight % of the total weight of the anode material and the weight percentage of the boron is between about 5 to about 18 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
26 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the active material further comprises tungsten at a weight percentage of between about 7 to about 13 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
27 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the anode material further comprises one or more conductive materials, and wherein the weight percentage of the conductive materials is between about 0.01 to about 15 weight % of the total weight of the anode material.
28 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the active material is milled to a particle size of about 20 to 100 nm.