Compositions and methods of making biofuel
The present disclosure concerns embodiments of a catalyst system, such as a mixed catalyst composition, that can be used to make biofuel. In some embodiments, the mixed catalyst composition can comprise an inorganic catalyst and an organic catalyst, such as a cyclic organic catalyst. In particular disclosed embodiments, a mixed catalyst composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of an inorganic catalyst and an organic catalyst can be used to enhance the production of biofuel, such as biodiesel, by reducing the amount of time needed to make the biofuel as compared to that needed for the inorganic catalyst or the organic catalyst independently. Also disclosed herein are combinations and kits comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of embodiments of a mixed catalyst composition.
1. A combination, comprising:
an inorganic catalyst;
morpholine;
a lipid; and
an alcohol.
2. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the combination produces biofuel.
3. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the inorganic catalyst present in the combination is equal to the amount of morpholine present in the combination.
4. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the inorganic catalyst ranges from 0.01 wt % to 500 wt % of the total lipid weight and wherein the amount of the morpholine ranges from 0.01 wt % to 500 wt % of the total lipid weight.
5. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic catalyst is selected from KOH, NaOH, or a combination thereof; the lipid is selected from rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, flax oil, jojoba oil, mustard oil, palm oil, coconut oil, hemp oil, waste vegetable oil, corn oil, canola oil, coffee oils, tallow, lard, chicken fat, or a combination thereof; and the alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or a combination thereof.